IEC TR 60522-2:2020 provides guidance on quality equivalent filtration and permanent filtration with regards to the requirements of IEC 60522-1 and its modifications versus IEC 60522:1999.<\/p>\n
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| 2<\/td>\n | undefined <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 4<\/td>\n | CONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 6<\/td>\n | FOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 8<\/td>\n | INTRODUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 10<\/td>\n | 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 11<\/td>\n | 4 Technical issues in IEC 60522:1999 4.1 General 4.2 Subclause 4.1, second dash, of IEC 60522:1999 4.3 Subclause 4.3, first paragraph, of IEC 60522:1999 4.4 Subclause 4.3, item a) of IEC 60522:1999 4.5 Subclause 4.3, item d), last phrase, of IEC 60522:1999 4.6 Subclause 4.3, last paragraph, of IEC 60522:1999 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 12<\/td>\n | 4.7 Subclause 4.6, second paragraph, second phrase of IEC 60522:1999 5 Influence of high voltage and of atomic number of filter material 5.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 13<\/td>\n | 5.2 Radiography \u2013 Atomic number of filters \u226430 Figures Figure 1 \u2013 Typical filter materials for mammography and radiography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 14<\/td>\n | Figure 2 \u2013 Quality equivalent filtration of elements as a function of high voltage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 15<\/td>\n | Data adapted from reference [4]. Axes logarithmic Figure 3 \u2013 Mass X-ray attenuation coefficients (\u03bc\/\u03c1) vs. photon energy <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 16<\/td>\n | Figure 4 \u2013 Energetic location of discontinuities of the absorption coefficients (vertical axis) of elements vs. their atomic number, characteristic lines, L- and K-edge energies <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 17<\/td>\n | Figure 5 \u2013 qef of 0,1 mm Cu filter vs. thicknessof an additional Al filter (at high voltage of 75 kV) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 18<\/td>\n | Figure 6 \u2013 Quality equivalent filtration of elements with 1,0 mm Al pre-filtration as a function of high voltage (W target with target angle 10\u00b0,thickness according to Figure 2) Tables Table 1 \u2013 qef-variation of 0,1 mm Cu filter with Al pre-filtration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 19<\/td>\n | Figure 7 \u2013 qef of 0,1 mm Cu as determined with various pre-filtration materialsas a function of high voltage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 20<\/td>\n | Figure 8 \u2013 X-ray spectra (12 \u00b0 W target, 100 kV high voltage)for filter materials Cu and Al with the same qef <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 21<\/td>\n | 5.3 Radiography \u2013 Atomic number of filters >30 Figure 9 \u2013 X-ray spectra from a 12\u00b0 W target with 1,0 mm additional filtration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 22<\/td>\n | 5.4 Mammography Figure 10 \u2013 qef of a 0,025 mm W filter as a function of high voltage Table 2 \u2013 Representative combinations of mammography targets and filters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 23<\/td>\n | 5.5 Additivity 5.5.1 General Figure 11 \u2013 Four typical examples of permanent filtrationof mammographic X-ray tube assemblies as a function of high voltage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 24<\/td>\n | Table 3 \u2013 Sample comparison of concepts of addition: IEC 60522:1999 Table 4 \u2013 Sample comparison of concepts of addition: IEC 60522-1 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 25<\/td>\n | Figure 12 \u2013 Inconsistent results from addition of the qefs according to IEC 60522:1999. Table 5 \u2013 Permanent filtration per order of the filters \u2013 comparison of concepts <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 26<\/td>\n | 5.5.3 Mammography 5.5.4 Decision process for the indirect determination of the permanent filtration Figure 13 \u2013 Example of failing additivity concept of IEC 60522:1999 in mammography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 27<\/td>\n | 6 Alignment of the reference axes 6.1 General 6.2 Radiography \u2013 Atomic number \u226430 Figure 14 \u2013 Indirect determination of permanent filtration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 28<\/td>\n | 6.3 Radiography \u2013 Atomic number >30 6.4 Mammography Table 6 \u2013 Impact of angular misalignment on permanent filtration Table 7 \u2013 Impact of angular misalignment on permanent filtration Table 8 \u2013 Impact of angular misalignment on permanent filtration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 29<\/td>\n | 7 Requirements on the high voltage 7.1 General 7.2 Radiography \u2013 Determination at the K-edge \u2013 Requirement on constancy Table 9 \u2013 Impact of high voltage shift (close to K-edge) on permanent filtration Table 10 \u2013 Impact of high voltage shift (distant from K-edge) on permanent filtration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 30<\/td>\n | 7.3 Mammography \u2013 Requirement on constancy 7.4 Ripple Table 11 \u2013 Impact of shift of high voltage on permanent filtration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 31<\/td>\n | 7.5 Choice of high voltage Table 12 \u2013 Sensitivity for voltage ripple <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 32<\/td>\n | 8 Filtering material \u2013 Representative target angle 8.1 General 8.2 Radiography \u2013 Atomic number \u226430 8.3 Radiography \u2013 Atomic number >30 Table 13 \u2013 Influence on qef of low-Z filtration and of target angle <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 33<\/td>\n | 8.4 Mammography Figure 15 \u2013 Dependency of the qef of a 0,025 mm W filter on the target angle <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 34<\/td>\n | 9 Radiation beam simulations 9.1 Simulation tool 9.2 Validation Figure 16 \u2013 qef for a range of practical target angles in mammography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 35<\/td>\n | 10 Statement of quality equivalent filtration 10.1 Accuracy 10.2 Permanent filtration Table 14 \u2013 Comparison of simulated and measured permanent filtration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 36<\/td>\n | Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Medical electrical equipment. Diagnostic X-rays – Guidance and rationale on quality equivalent filtration and permanent filtration<\/b><\/p>\n |