{"id":254864,"date":"2024-10-19T16:50:36","date_gmt":"2024-10-19T16:50:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/bs-en-60099-52013\/"},"modified":"2024-10-25T12:16:42","modified_gmt":"2024-10-25T12:16:42","slug":"bs-en-60099-52013","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/bsi\/bs-en-60099-52013\/","title":{"rendered":"BS EN 60099-5:2013"},"content":{"rendered":"

This part of IEC 60099 is not a mandatory standard but provides information, guidance, and recommendations for the selection and application of surge arresters to be used in threephase systems with nominal voltages above 1 kV. It applies to gapless metal-oxide surge arresters as defined in IEC 60099-4, to surge arresters containing both series and parallel gapped structure \u2013 rated 52 kV and less as defined in IEC 60099-6 and metal-oxide surge arresters with external series gap for overhead transmission and distribution lines (EGLA) as defined in IEC 60099-8. In Annex H, some aspects regarding the old type of SiC gapped arresters are discussed.<\/p>\n

The principle of insulation coordination for an electricity system is given in IEC 60071 and IEC 60071-2 standards. Basically the insulation coordination process is a risk management aiming to ensure the safe, reliable and economic design and operation of high voltage electricity networks and substations. The use of surge arrester helps to achieve a system and equipment insulation level and still maintaining an acceptable risk and the best economic of scale.<\/p>\n

The introduction of analytical modelling and simulation of power system transients further optimise the equipment insulation level. The selection of surge arresters has become more and more important in the power system design and operation. It is worthwhile to note that the reliability of the power system and equipment is dependent on the safety margin adopted by the user in the design and selection of the equipments and surge arresters.<\/p>\n

Surge arrester residual voltage is a major parameter of which most users have paid a lot of attention to when selecting the type and rating. The typical maximum surge arresters residual voltage are given in Annex F. It is likely, however, that for some systems, or in some countries, the system reliability requirements and design are sufficiently uniform that the recommendations of the present standard may lead to the definition of narrow ranges of arresters. The user of surge arresters will, in that case, not be required to apply the whole process introduced here to any new installation and the selection of characteristics resulting from prior practice may be continued.<\/p>\n

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PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\nCONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/td>\n1 Scope
2 Normative references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21<\/td>\n4 General principles for the application of surge arresters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
22<\/td>\n5 Surge arrester fundamentals and applications issues
5.1 Evolution of surge protection equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
23<\/td>\n5.2 Different types and designs and their electrical and mechanical characteristics
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Metal-oxide arresters without gaps according to IEC\u00a060099-4 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
28<\/td>\nFigures
Figure 1 \u2013 GIS arresters of three mechanical\/one electrical column (middle) and one column (left) design and current path of the three mechanical\/one electrical column design (right) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
29<\/td>\nFigure 2 \u2013 Typical deadfront arrester <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
33<\/td>\n5.2.3 Metal-oxide surge arresters with internal series gaps according to IEC\u00a060099-6
Figure 3 \u2013 Internally gapped metal-oxide surge arrester designs <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
35<\/td>\n5.2.4 Externally gapped line arresters (EGLA) according to IEC\u00a060099-8:2011
Figure 4 \u2013 Components of an EGLA acc. to IEC\u00a060099-8 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
38<\/td>\n5.3 Installation considerations for arresters
5.3.1 High-voltage station arresters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
39<\/td>\nFigure 5 \u2013 Examples of UHV and HV arresters with grading and corona rings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\nFigure 6 \u2013 Same type of arrester mounted on a pedestal (left), suspended from an earthed steel structure (middle) or suspended from a line conductor (right <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
42<\/td>\nFigure 7 \u2013 Typical arrangement of a 420-kV arrester <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
43<\/td>\nFigure 8 \u2013 Installations without earth-mat (distribution systems)
Figure 9 \u2013 Installations with earth-mat (high-voltage substations) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
45<\/td>\nFigure 10 \u2013 Definition of mechanical loads according to IEC\u00a060099-4
Tables
Table 1 \u2013 Minimum mechanical requirements (for porcelain-housed arresters) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
46<\/td>\n5.3.2 Distribution arresters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
47<\/td>\nFigure 11 \u2013 Distribution arrester with disconnector and insulating bracket <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
48<\/td>\nFigure 12 \u2013 Examples of good and poor earthingprinciples for distribution arresters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
49<\/td>\n5.3.3 Line surge arresters (LSA) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50<\/td>\n6 Insulation coordination and surge arrester applications
6.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
51<\/td>\n6.2 Insulation coordination overview
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 IEC insulation coordination procedure
6.2.3 Overvoltages <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
52<\/td>\nFigure 13 \u2013 Typical voltages and duration example for an efficiently earthed system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
53<\/td>\nFigure 14 \u2013 Typical phase-to-earth overvoltages encountered in power systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
54<\/td>\nFigure 15 \u2013 Arrester Voltage-Current Characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
56<\/td>\n6.2.4 Line insulation coordination: Arrester Application Practices <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
58<\/td>\nFigure 16 \u2013 Direct strike to a phase conductor with LSA <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
59<\/td>\nFigure 17 \u2013 Strike to a shield wire or tower with LSA <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
61<\/td>\n6.2.5 Substation insulation coordination: Arrester application practices <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
65<\/td>\n6.2.6 Insulation coordination studies <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
66<\/td>\n6.3 Selection of arresters
6.3.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
67<\/td>\nFigure 18 \u2013 Typical procedure for a surge arrester insulation coordination study <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
68<\/td>\n6.3.2 General procedure for the selection of surge arresters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70<\/td>\nFigure 19 \u2013 Flow diagrams for standard selection of surge arrester <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
71<\/td>\nFigure 20 \u2013 Examples of arrester TOV capability <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
72<\/td>\nTable 2 \u2013 Arrester classification for surge arresters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
77<\/td>\nTable 3 \u2013 Definition of factor A in formulas (15) to (17) for various overhead lines
Table 4 \u2013 Examples for protective zones calculated by formula (17) for open-air substations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
78<\/td>\n6.3.3 Selection of line surge arresters, LSA <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
80<\/td>\nFigure 21 \u2013 Flow diagram for the selection of NGLA <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
84<\/td>\nFigure 22 \u2013 Flow diagram for the selection of EGLA <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
86<\/td>\nTable 5 \u2013 Example of the condition for calculating lightningcurrent duty of EGLA in 77\u00a0kV transmission lines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
87<\/td>\n6.3.4 Selection of arresters for cable protection
Table 6 \u2013 Probability of insulator flashover in Formula (19) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
89<\/td>\n6.3.5 Selection of arresters for distribution systems \u2013 special attention <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
90<\/td>\nFigure 23 \u2013 Common neutral configurations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
91<\/td>\n6.3.6 Selection of UHV arresters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
92<\/td>\n6.4 Normal and abnormal service conditions
6.4.1 Normal service condition
6.4.2 Abnormal service conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
95<\/td>\n7 Surge arresters for special applications
7.1 Surge arresters for transformer neutrals
7.1.1 General
7.1.2 Surge arresters for fully insulated transformer neutrals <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
96<\/td>\n7.1.3 Surge arresters for neutrals of transformers with non-uniform insulation
7.2 Surge arresters between phases <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
97<\/td>\n7.3 Surge arresters for rotating machines
Figure 24 \u2013 Typical configurations for arresters connected phase-to-phaseand phase-to-ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
98<\/td>\n7.4 Surge arresters in parallel
7.4.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
99<\/td>\n7.4.2 Combining different designs of arresters
7.5 Surge arresters for capacitor switching <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
101<\/td>\n7.6 Surge arresters for series capacitor banks
8 Asset management of surge arresters
8.1 General
8.2 Managing surge arresters in a power grid
8.2.1 Asset database
8.2.2 Technical specifications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
102<\/td>\n8.2.3 Strategic spares
8.2.4 Transportation and storage
8.2.5 Commissioning
8.3 Maintenance
8.3.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
103<\/td>\n8.3.2 Polluted arrester housing
8.3.3 Coating of arrester housings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
104<\/td>\n8.3.4 Inspection of disconnectors on surge arresters
8.3.5 Line surge arresters
8.4 Performance and diagnostic tools
8.5 End of life
8.5.1 General
8.5.2 GIS arresters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
105<\/td>\n8.6 Disposal and recycling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
106<\/td>\nAnnex\u00a0A (informative)Determination of temporary overvoltagesdue to earth faults <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
107<\/td>\nFigure A.1 \u2013 Earth fault factor k on a base of X0\/X1 , for R1\/X1 = R1= 0
Figure A.2 \u2013 Relationship between R0\/X1 and X0\/X1 for constant values of earth fault factor k where R1 = 0 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
108<\/td>\nFigure A.3 \u2013 Relationship between R0\/X1 and X0\/X1 for constant values of earth fault factor k where R1 = 0,5 X1
Figure A.4 \u2013 Relationship between R0\/X1 and X0\/X1 for constant values of earth fault factor k where R1 = X1 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
109<\/td>\nFigure A.5 \u2013 Relationship between R0\/X1 and X0\/X1 for constant valuesof earth fault factor k where R1 = 2X1 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
110<\/td>\nAnnex B (informative) Current practice <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
111<\/td>\nAnnex C (informative) Arrester modelling techniques for studies involvinginsulation coordination and energy requirements
Figure C.1 \u2013 Schematic sketch of a typical arrester installation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
112<\/td>\nFigure C.2 \u2013 Increase in residual voltage as functionof virtual current front time <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
113<\/td>\nFigure C.3 \u2013 Arrester model for insulation coordination studies \u2013 fast- front overvoltages and preliminary calculation (Option 1)
Figure C.4 \u2013 Arrester model for insulation coordination studies \u2013 fast- front overvoltages and preliminary calculation (Option 2)
Figure C.5 \u2013 Arrester model for insulation coordination studies \u2013 slow-front overvoltages. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
114<\/td>\nAnnex D (informative) Diagnostic indicators of metal-oxide surge arresters in service <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
116<\/td>\nFigure D.1 \u2013 Typical leakage current of a non-linear metal-oxide resistor in laboratory conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
117<\/td>\nFigure D.2 \u2013 Typical leakage currents of arresters in service conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
118<\/td>\nFigure D.3 \u2013 Typical voltage-current characteristics for non-linear metal-oxide resistors
Figure D.4 \u2013 Typical normalized voltage dependence at +20 \u00b0C <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
119<\/td>\nFigure D.5 \u2013 Typical normalized temperature dependence at Uc <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
120<\/td>\nFigure D.6 \u2013 Influence on total leakage current by increase in resistive leakage current <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
122<\/td>\nFigure D.7 \u2013 Measured voltage and leakage current and calculated resistive and capacitive currents (V = 6,3\u00a0kV r.m.s) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
123<\/td>\nFigure D.8 \u2013 Remaining current after compensation by capacitive current at Uc <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
124<\/td>\nFigure D.9 \u2013 Error in the evaluation of the leakage current third harmonic for differentphase angles of system voltage third harmonic, considering various capacitances and voltage-current characteristics of non-linear metal-oxide resistors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
126<\/td>\nFigure D.10 \u2013 Typical information for conversion to “standard”operating voltage conditions
Figure D.11 \u2013 Typical information for conversion to “standard”ambient temperature conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
127<\/td>\nTable D.1 \u2013 Summary of diagnostic methods
Table D.2 \u2013 Properties of on-site leakage current measurement methods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
128<\/td>\nAnnex E (informative) Typical data needed from arrester manufacturersfor proper selection of surge arresters
Table E.1 \u2013 Arrester data needed for the selection of surge arresters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
129<\/td>\nAnnex F (informative) Typical maximum residual voltages for metal-oxide arresterswithout gaps according to IEC 60099-4
Table\u00a0F.1 \u2013 Residual voltages for 20\u00a0000\u00a0A and 10\u00a0000\u00a0A arrestersin per unit of rated voltage
Table\u00a0F.2 \u2013 Residual voltages for 5\u00a0000\u00a0A, 2\u00a0500\u00a0A and 1\u00a0500\u00a0Aarresters in per unit of rated voltage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
130<\/td>\nAnnex G (informative) Steepness reduction of incoming surge with additional lineterminal surge capacitance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
131<\/td>\nFigure G.1 \u2013 Surge voltage waveforms at various distancesfrom strike location (0,0 km) due to corona <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
133<\/td>\nTable G.1 \u2013 Cs impact on steepness ratio fs and steepness Sn
Table G.2 Change in coordination withstand voltage, Ucw <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
134<\/td>\nFigure G.2 \u2013 Case 1: EMTP Model: Thevenin equivalent source,line (Z,c) & station bus (Z,c) & Cap (Cs) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
135<\/td>\nFigure G.3 \u2013 Case 2: Capacitor Voltage charge via line Z: u(t) = 2xUs x (1 \u2013 exp[- t\/(ZxC]) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
136<\/td>\nFigure G.4 \u2013 EMTP model
Figure G.5 \u2013 Simulated surge voltages at the line-station bus interface <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
137<\/td>\nFigure G.6 \u2013 Simulated Surge Voltages at the Transformer
Figure G.7 \u2013 EMTP Model <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
138<\/td>\nFigure G.8 \u2013 Simulated surge voltages at the line-station bus interface
Figure G.9 \u2013 Simulated surge voltages at the transformer <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
139<\/td>\nAnnex H (informative) End of life and replacement of old gapped SiC-arresters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
140<\/td>\nFigure H.1 \u2013 Internal SiC-arrester stack <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
144<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Surge arresters – Selection and application recommendations<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BSI<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2013<\/td>\n150<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":254867,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[544,2641],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-254864","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-29-240-10","7":"product_cat-bsi","9":"first","10":"instock","11":"sold-individually","12":"shipping-taxable","13":"purchasable","14":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/254864","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/254867"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=254864"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=254864"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=254864"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}