This European Standard applies to new three-phase and single-phase power transformers with a highest voltage for equipment exceeding 36 kV and a rated power equal or higher than 5 kVA, or a rated power equal to or higher than 40 MVA regardless of the highest voltage for equipment.<\/p>\n
The scope of this European Standard is the following:<\/p>\n
Defining the appropriate energy efficiency criteria;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
Setting of benchmark minimum efficiency levels for new transformers based on an assessment of the energy efficiency of the European transformer population installed in the last 10 years;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
Proposing higher minimum efficiency levels for improving the energy efficiency of new transformers;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
Providing guidance for consideration of Total Cost of Ownership.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
This European Standard provides also a form for efficiency data collection to inform future efficiency benchmark levels.<\/p>\n
\nNOTE 1 This standard covers the transformers under the EU Regulation N. 548\/2014 and gives additional specific guidance for single phase transformers, autotransformers, multi winding transformers and for transformers with OD and OF cooling systems, necessary for the correct application of energy efficiency requirements to these categories of transformers.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
Transformers considered to be out of the scope of this document are the following:<\/p>\n
\n
- \n
instrument transformers, specifically designed to supply measuring instruments, meters, relays and other similar apparatus,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
transformers with low-voltage windings specifically designed for use with rectifiers to provide a DC supply,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
transformers specifically designed to be directly connected to a furnace,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
transformers specifically designed for offshore applications and floating offshore applications,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
transformers specially designed for emergency installations,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
transformers and auto-transformers specifically designed for railway feeding systems,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
earthing or grounding transformers, this is, three-phase transformers intended to provide a neutral point for system grounding purposes,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
traction transformers mounted on rolling stock, this is, transformers connected to an AC or DC contact line, directly or through a converter, used in fixed installations of railway applications,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
starting transformers, specifically designed for starting three-phase induction motors so as to eliminate supply voltage dips,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
testing transformers, specifically designed to be used in a circuit to produce a specific voltage or current for the purpose of testing electrical equipment,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
welding transformers, specifically designed for use in arc welding equipment or resistance welding equipment,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
transformers specifically designed for explosion-proof and underground mining applications,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
transformers specifically designed for deep water (submerged) applications,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
medium Voltage (MV) to Medium Voltage (MV) interface transformers up to 5 MVA,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
large power transformers where it is demonstrated that for a particular application, technically feasible alternatives are not available to meet the minimum efficiency requirements set out by EU REGULATION N. 548\/2014,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
large power transformers which are like for like replacements in the same physical location\/installation for existing large power transformers, where this replacement cannot be achieved without entailing disproportionate costs associated to their transportation and\/or installation.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
! In case one of the last two exclusions is claimed, this should be documented at the signature of the contract with a declaration made by the customer. !<\/p>\n
For dry type large power transformers Minimum PEI values have been published in European Regulation and these values are included in Annex A.<\/p>\n
\nNOTE 2 To retain consistency, the same list of exclusions in the EU Regulation N. 548\/2014, has also been reproduced here. Within the above EU exclusion list, some had been excluded simply because no PEI data was available to CENELEC at the time on which to base appropriate PEI levels. Consequently, as such information becomes available in the future, it may be possible to derive suitable PEI Levels. Accordingly these particular categories are listed in Clause 6 as suitable for future consideration.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
PDF Catalog<\/h4>\n
\n
\n PDF Pages<\/th>\n PDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n \n 2<\/td>\n undefined <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 4<\/td>\n Contents Page <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 6<\/td>\n Foreword <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 7<\/td>\n Blank Page <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 8<\/td>\n Introduction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 9<\/td>\n 1 Scope <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 10<\/td>\n 2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 12<\/td>\n Blank Page <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 14<\/td>\n 4 Efficiency and Efficiency Index calculation
4.1 General
4.2 Efficiency Index general formula <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 15<\/td>\n 4.3 Peak Efficiency Index <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 16<\/td>\n 5 Minimum Peak Efficiency Index values
5.1 Standardised values of Minimum PEI <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 18<\/td>\n 5.2 Optimization of transformer losses according to application
5.3 Rating plate data
5.4 Transformer asset data
5.5 Tolerances, measurement uncertainties and market surveillance
5.5.1 Factory acceptance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 19<\/td>\n 5.5.2 Verification procedure for market surveillance
6 Transformers categories currently excluded <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 20<\/td>\n 7 Capitalisation of losses <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 21<\/td>\n Annex A (normative) Minimum PEI for dry type large power transformers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 22<\/td>\n Annex B (informative) Peak Efficiency Index formula, graphs and calculations
B.1 Calculation of kPEI <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 23<\/td>\n B.2 Graph of Efficiency Index and load factor with loss contributions
B.2.1 General
B.2.2 Example of a typical ONAN or ONAN\/ONAF transformer <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 24<\/td>\n B.2.3 Example of a typical ONAN or ONAN\/ONAF transformer
B.3 Graphs of prescribed PEI values and rated power <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 25<\/td>\n B.4 Independence of PEI to rated power <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 26<\/td>\n B.5 Calculation of losses from PEI, kPEI and Sr <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 27<\/td>\n Annex C (informative) Form for data requested
C.1 Example of form for data requested <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 28<\/td>\n C.2 Indications for filling the table <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 29<\/td>\n Annex D (informative) Benchmark of Peak Efficiency Index
D.1 General
D.2 Benchmark figures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 30<\/td>\n Table D.1 \u2014 Benchmark figures by number of units (PEI)
Table D.2 \u2014 Benchmark figures by design (PEI) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 31<\/td>\n Figure D.1 \u2014 PEI distribution <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 32<\/td>\n Figure D.2 \u2014 PEI distribution per voltage class
Figure D.3 \u2014 PEI distribution per usage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 33<\/td>\n Figure D.4 \u2014 PEI statistical distribution comparison with T1 and T2
Figure D.5 \u2014 Benchmark effective percentile values comparison with T1 and T2 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 34<\/td>\n D.3 Variations from the benchmark
D.3.1 General
D.3.2 Autotransformers
D.3.3 Voltage and insulation level
D.3.4 More than two windings
D.3.5 Short-circuit impedance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 35<\/td>\n D.3.6 Tapping range
D.3.7 Losses on taps different that rated tap <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 36<\/td>\n D.3.8 Separate phases
D.4 Exceptions from benchmark
D.4.1 General
D.4.2 Transformers with unusual combinations of windings and voltages
D.4.3 Installation restrictions
D.4.4 Offshore installation
D.4.5 Transportation restrictions
D.4.6 Transformers for temporary installation
D.4.7 Converter transformers
D.4.8 Dry-type and gas insulated transformers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 37<\/td>\n D.4.9 Other exemptions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 38<\/td>\n Annex E (informative) Capitalisation of losses
E.1 General Theory, Concept of Capitalisation
E.2 Impact of capitalisation values <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 39<\/td>\n E.3 Capitalisation formula
E.3.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 40<\/td>\n E.3.2 Calculation of factor A <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 41<\/td>\n E.3.3 Calculation of factor B <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 43<\/td>\n E.3.4 Use of A and B for tender evaluation
E.3.5 Determination of factors A and B <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 45<\/td>\n Annex F (informative) Background on verification tolerances during market surveillance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 46<\/td>\n Annex ZZ (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the requirements of Commission Regulation (EC) No 548\/2014 of 21 May 2014 on implementing Directive 2009\/125\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to small…
Table ZZ.1 \u2014 Correspondence between this European Standard and Commission Regulation (EU) N.548\/2014 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 47<\/td>\n Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Energy performance of large power transformers (Um > 36 kV or Sr \u2265 40 MVA)<\/b><\/p>\n
\n\n
\n Published By<\/td>\n Publication Date<\/td>\n Number of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n BSI<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n 2018<\/td>\n 50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":253032,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[2641],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-253030","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-bsi","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"sold-individually","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/253030","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/253032"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=253030"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=253030"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=253030"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}