API TR 939-D-2007

$46.80

Stress Corrosion Cracking of Carbon Steel in Fuel-Grade Ethanol: Review, Experience Survey, Field Monitoring, and Laboratory Testing

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
API	2007	400

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Description

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of steel in contact with fuel ethanol has been observed, for the most part, in user terminals, specifically storage tanks and loading/unloading racks prior to blending fuel ethanol with gasoline to produce gasoline grade E10. SCC has not been observed in storage tanks used by ethanol producers or in equipment after blending ethanol with fuel. These observations prompted API and the Renewable Fuels Association (RFA) to fund a multi-year research effort to examine the factors that could lead to SCC of steel in fuel ethanol and to gain greater understanding of the extent of SCC in field equipment. The original research program was conducted concurrently by Southwest Research Institute® (SwRI®), CC Technologies, Honeywell Process Systems and iCorrosion LLC. Separate reports of the results from these studies were provided in Parts I – IV of API Technical Report 939-D 2nd Edition, dated May 2007.

Since that time further API-funded fuel ethanol research, field surveying and other activities have continued by the aforementioned organizations and the results of these tasks are found in Parts V – VIII of this addendum to the API Technical Report 939-D. It includes new findings that corroborate many of the conclusions found in the previous 939-D report. These new findings also provide new insights into other possible locations for SCC failures in field operations handling ethanol including ethanol-carrying pipelines and the SCC potential of exposure to other ethanol-gasoline blends with ethanol contents greater than E10 up to E85. Other factors examined are the influence of ethanol sources, the impact of post weld heat treatment, use of potential and dissolved oxygen monitoring for identification of conditions likely to support SCC, and the effects of deaeration and inhibitors specifically designed to reduce susceptibility to SCC.

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