{"id":452759,"date":"2024-10-20T09:26:36","date_gmt":"2024-10-20T09:26:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/ieee-80-2000-3\/"},"modified":"2024-10-26T17:33:16","modified_gmt":"2024-10-26T17:33:16","slug":"ieee-80-2000-3","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/ieee\/ieee-80-2000-3\/","title":{"rendered":"IEEE 80-2000"},"content":{"rendered":"

Revision Standard – Superseded. Outdoor ac substations, either conventional or gas-insulated, are covered in this guide. Distribution, transmission, and generating plant substations are also included. With proper caution,the methods described herein are also applicable to indoor portions of such substations, or to sub-stations that are wholly indoors. No attempt is made to cover the grounding problems peculiar to dc substations. A quantitative analysis of the effects of lightning surges is also beyond the scope of this guide.<\/p>\n

PDF Catalog<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/td>\nTitle page <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\nIntroduction
Participants <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\nCONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/td>\n1. Overview
1.1 Scope
1.2 Purpose <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\n1.3 Relation to other standards
2. References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/td>\n3. Definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16<\/td>\n4. Safety in grounding
4.1 Basic problem
4.2 Conditions of danger <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/td>\n5. Range of tolerable current
5.1 Effect of frequency
5.2 Effect of magnitude and duration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/td>\n5.3 Importance of high-speed fault clearing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21<\/td>\n6. Tolerable body current limit
6.1 Duration formula
6.2 Alternative assumptions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
22<\/td>\n6.3 Comparison of Dalziel\u2019s equations and Biegelmeier\u2019s curve <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
23<\/td>\n6.4 Note on reclosing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24<\/td>\n7. Accidental ground circuit
7.1 Resistance of the human body
7.2 Current paths through the body <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25<\/td>\n7.3 Accidental circuit equivalents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
28<\/td>\n7.4 Effect of a thin layer of surface material <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
31<\/td>\n8. Criteria of tolerable voltage
8.1 Definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
34<\/td>\n8.2 Typical shock situations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
35<\/td>\n8.3 Step and touch voltage criteria <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
36<\/td>\n8.4 Typical shock situations for gas-insulated substations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
37<\/td>\n8.5 Effect of sustained ground currents
9. Principal design considerations
9.1 Definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
38<\/td>\n9.2 General concept <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
39<\/td>\n9.3 Primary and auxiliary ground electrodes
9.4 Basic aspects of grid design
9.5 Design in difficult conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\n9.6 Connections to grid <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
41<\/td>\n10. Special considerations for GIS
10.1 Definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
42<\/td>\n10.2 GIS characteristics
10.3 Enclosures and circulating currents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
43<\/td>\n10.4 Grounding of enclosures
10.5 Cooperation between GIS manufacturer and user <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
44<\/td>\n10.6 Other special aspects of GIS grounding <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
45<\/td>\n10.7 Notes on grounding of GIS foundations
10.8 Touch voltage criteria for GIS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
46<\/td>\n10.9 Recommendations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
47<\/td>\n11. Selection of conductors and connections
11.1 Basic requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
48<\/td>\n11.2 Choice of material for conductors and related corrosion problems
11.2.1 Copper
11.2.2 Copper-clad steel
11.2.3 Aluminum
11.2.4 Steel
11.2.5 Other considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
49<\/td>\n11.3 Conductor sizing factors
11.3.1 Symmetrical currents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
53<\/td>\n11.3.2 Asymmetrical currents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
56<\/td>\n11.3.3 Additional conductor sizing factors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
57<\/td>\n11.4 Selection of connections
12. Soil characteristics
12.1 Soil as a grounding medium
12.2 Effect of voltage gradient <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
58<\/td>\n12.3 Effect of current magnitude
12.4 Effect of moisture, temperature, and chemical content <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
59<\/td>\n12.5 Use of surface material layer
13. Soil structure and selection of soil model
13.1 Investigation of soil structure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60<\/td>\n13.2 Classification of soils and range of resistivity
13.3 Resistivity measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
63<\/td>\n13.4 Interpretation of soil resistivity measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
64<\/td>\n13.4.1 Uniform soil assumption <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
65<\/td>\n13.4.2 Nonuniform soil assumptions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
72<\/td>\n14. Evaluation of ground resistance
14.1 Usual requirements
14.2 Simplified calculations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
73<\/td>\n14.3 Schwarz\u2019s equations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
76<\/td>\n14.4 Note on ground resistance of primary electrodes
14.5 Soil treatment to lower resistivity
14.6 Concrete-encased electrodes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
80<\/td>\n15. Determination of maximum grid current
15.1 Definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
81<\/td>\n15.2 Procedure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
82<\/td>\n15.3 Types of ground faults <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
84<\/td>\n15.4 Effect of substation ground resistance
15.5 Effect of fault resistance
15.6 Effect of overhead ground wires and neutral conductors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
85<\/td>\n15.7 Effect of direct buried pipes and cables
15.8 Worst fault type and location <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
86<\/td>\n15.9 Computation of current division <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
91<\/td>\n15.10 Effect of asymmetry <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
93<\/td>\n15.11 Effect of future changes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
94<\/td>\n16. Design of grounding system
16.1 Design criteria <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
95<\/td>\n16.2 Critical parameters
16.2.1 Maximum grid current (IG)
16.2.2 Fault duration (tf) and shock duration (ts)
16.2.3 Soil resistivity (r)
16.2.4 Resistivity of surface layer (rs) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
96<\/td>\n16.2.5 Grid geometry
16.3 Index of design parameters
16.4 Design procedure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
99<\/td>\n16.5 Calculation of maximum step and mesh voltages
16.5.1 Mesh voltage (Em) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
102<\/td>\n16.5.2 Step voltage (Es) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
103<\/td>\n16.6 Refinement of preliminary design
16.7 Application of equations for Em and Es
16.8 Use of computer analysis in grid design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
104<\/td>\n17. Special areas of concern
17.1 Service areas
17.2 Switch shaft and operating handle grounding <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
107<\/td>\n17.3 Grounding of substation fence <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
115<\/td>\n17.4 Results of voltage profiles for fence grounding <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
116<\/td>\n17.5 Control cable sheath grounding
17.6 GIS bus extensions
17.7 Surge arrester grounding
17.8 Separate grounds <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
117<\/td>\n17.9 Transferred potentials
17.9.1 Communication circuits
17.9.2 Rails <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
118<\/td>\n17.9.3 Low-voltage neutral wires
17.9.4 Portable equipment and tools supplied from substation
17.9.5 Piping
17.9.6 Auxiliary buildings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
119<\/td>\n17.9.7 Fences <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
120<\/td>\n18. Construction of a grounding system
18.1 Ground grid construction\u2014trench method
18.2 Ground grid construction\u2014conductor plowing method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
121<\/td>\n18.3 Installation of connections, pigtails, and ground rods
18.4 Construction sequence consideration for ground grid installation
18.5 Safety considerations during subsequent excavations
19. Field measurements of a constructed grounding system
19.1 Measurements of grounding system impedance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
122<\/td>\n19.1.1 Two-point method
19.1.2 Three-point method
19.1.3 Ratio method
19.1.4 Staged-fault tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
123<\/td>\n19.1.5 Fall-of-potential method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
124<\/td>\n19.2 Field survey of potential contours and touch and step voltages <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
125<\/td>\n19.3 Assessment of field measurements for safe design
19.4 Ground grid integrity test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
126<\/td>\n19.5 Periodic checks of installed grounding system
20. Physical scale models <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
127<\/td>\nAnnex A\u2014Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
137<\/td>\nAnnex B\u2014Sample calculations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
153<\/td>\nAnnex C\u2014Graphical and approximate analysis of current division <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
172<\/td>\nAnnex D\u2014Simplified step and mesh equations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
175<\/td>\nAnnex E\u2014Equivalent uniform soil model for nonuniform soils <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
178<\/td>\nAnnex F\u2014Parametric analysis of grounding systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
193<\/td>\nAnnex G\u2014Grounding methods for high-voltage stations with grounded neutrals <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IEEE<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2000<\/td>\n200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":452769,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[2644],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-452759","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-ieee","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"sold-individually","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/452759","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/452769"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=452759"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=452759"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=452759"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}