{"id":254886,"date":"2024-10-19T16:50:43","date_gmt":"2024-10-19T16:50:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/bs-en-60255-1212014\/"},"modified":"2024-10-25T12:16:50","modified_gmt":"2024-10-25T12:16:50","slug":"bs-en-60255-1212014","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/bsi\/bs-en-60255-1212014\/","title":{"rendered":"BS EN 60255-121:2014"},"content":{"rendered":"
IEC 60255-121:2014 specifies minimum requirements for functional and performance evaluation of distance protection function typically used in, but not limited to, line applications for effectively earthed, three-phase power systems. This standard also defines how to document and publish performance tests. This standard covers distance protection function whose operating characteristic can be defined on an impedance plane and includes specification of the protection function, measurement characteristics, phase selection, directionality, starting and time delay characteristics. The test methodologies for verifying performance characteristics and accuracy are included in this standard. The standard defines the influencing factors that affect the accuracy under steady state conditions and performance characteristics during dynamic conditions. It also includes the instrument transformer requirements for the protection function. The general requirements for measuring relays and protection equipment are defined in IEC 60255-1.<\/p>\n
PDF Pages<\/th>\n | PDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
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4<\/td>\n | Foreword Endorsement notice <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
6<\/td>\n | English CONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
13<\/td>\n | 1 Scope 2 Normative references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
14<\/td>\n | 3 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
15<\/td>\n | 4 Specification of the function 4.1 General 4.2 Input energizing quantities\/energizing quantities <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
16<\/td>\n | 4.3 Binary input signals Figures Figure 1 \u2013 Simplified distance protection function block diagram <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
17<\/td>\n | 4.4 Functional logic 4.4.1 Faulted phase identification 4.4.2 Directional signals 4.4.3 Distance protection function characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
18<\/td>\n | 4.4.4 Distance protection zone timers 4.5 Binary output signals 4.5.1 General 4.5.2 Start (pickup) signals <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
19<\/td>\n | 4.5.3 Operate signals 4.5.4 Other binary output signals 4.6 Additional influencing functions\/conditions 4.6.1 General 4.6.2 Inrush current 4.6.3 Switch onto fault\/trip on reclose 4.6.4 Voltage transformer (VT) signal failure (loss of voltage) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
20<\/td>\n | 4.6.5 Power swings 4.6.6 Behavior during frequencies outside of the operating range 5 Performance specifications 5.1 General 5.2 Effective and operating ranges Tables Table 1 \u2013 Example of effective and operating ranges of distance protection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
21<\/td>\n | 5.3 Basic characteristic accuracy under steady state conditions 5.3.1 General 5.3.2 Determination of accuracy related to time delay setting Figure 2 \u2013 Basic accuracy specification of an operating characteristic <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
22<\/td>\n | 5.3.3 Disengaging time 5.4 Dynamic performance 5.4.1 General 5.4.2 Transient overreach (TO) Figure 3 \u2013 Basic angular accuracy specifications of directional lines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
23<\/td>\n | 5.4.3 Operate time and transient overreach (SIR diagrams) 5.4.4 Operate time and transient overreach (CVT-SIR diagrams). 5.4.5 Typical operate time <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
24<\/td>\n | 5.5 Performance with harmonics 5.5.1 General Figure 4 \u2013 SIR diagram \u2013 Short line average operate time <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
25<\/td>\n | 5.5.2 Steady-state harmonics tests 5.5.3 Transient LC oscillation tests 5.6 Performance during frequency deviation 5.6.1 General 5.6.2 Steady state testing during frequency deviation 5.6.3 Transient testing during frequency deviation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
26<\/td>\n | 5.7 Double infeed tests 5.7.1 General 5.7.2 Single line, double infeed system 5.7.3 Double line, double infeed system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
27<\/td>\n | 5.8 Instrument transformer (CT, VT and CVT) requirements 5.8.1 General 5.8.2 CT requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
28<\/td>\n | Figure 5 \u2013 Fault positions to be considered for specifying the CT requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
29<\/td>\n | Table 2 \u2013 Recommended levels of remanence in the optional cases when remanence is considered <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
31<\/td>\n | 6 Functional tests 6.1 General 6.2 Rated frequency characteristic accuracy tests 6.2.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
32<\/td>\n | 6.2.2 Basic characteristic accuracy under steady state conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
33<\/td>\n | Figure 6 \u2013 Test procedure for basic characteristic accuracy <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
34<\/td>\n | Figure 7 \u2013 Calculated test points A, B and C based on the effective range of U and I Figure 8 \u2013 Modified points B\u2019 and C\u2019 based on the limited setting range <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
35<\/td>\n | Figure 9 \u2013 Position of test points A, B, C, D and E in the effective range of U and I Figure 10 \u2013 Position of test points A, B\u2019, C\u2019, D and E in the effective range of U and I <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
36<\/td>\n | Figure 11 \u2013 Quadrilateral characteristic showing ten test points <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
37<\/td>\n | Figure 12 \u2013 Quadrilateral characteristic showing test ramps <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
38<\/td>\n | Figure 13 \u2013 Quadrilateral characteristic showing accuracy limits <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
39<\/td>\n | Figure 14 \u2013 Quadrilateral\/polygonal characteristic showing accuracy limits Figure 15 \u2013 MHO characteristic showing nine test points <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
40<\/td>\n | Figure 16 \u2013 MHO characteristic showing test ramps <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
41<\/td>\n | Figure 17 \u2013 Accuracy limits for MHO characteristic <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
44<\/td>\n | Table 3 \u2013 Basic characteristic accuracy for various points (quadrilateral\/polygonal) Table 4 \u2013 Overall basic characteristic accuracy (quadrilateral\/polygonal) Table 5 \u2013 Basic characteristics accuracy for various points (MHO) Table 6 \u2013 Overall basic characteristic accuracy (MHO) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
45<\/td>\n | 6.2.3 Basic directional accuracy under steady state conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
46<\/td>\n | Figure 18 \u2013 Basic directional element accuracy tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
47<\/td>\n | Figure 19 \u2013 Directional element accuracy tests in the second quadrant <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
48<\/td>\n | Figure 20 \u2013 Directional element accuracy tests in the second quadrant Figure 21 \u2013 Directional element accuracy tests in the fourth quadrant <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
49<\/td>\n | Figure 22 \u2013 Directional test accuracy lines in the fourth quadrant Table 7 \u2013 Basic directional accuracy for various fault types Table 8 \u2013 Basic directional accuracy e\u03b1X <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
50<\/td>\n | 6.2.4 Determination of accuracy related to time delay setting 6.2.5 Determination and reporting of the disengaging time <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
51<\/td>\n | Figure 23 \u2013 Position of the three-phase fault for testing the disengaging time <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
52<\/td>\n | 6.3 Dynamic performance 6.3.1 General Figure 24 \u2013 Sequence of events for testing the disengaging time Table 9 \u2013 Results of disengaging time for all the tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
53<\/td>\n | 6.3.2 Dynamic performance: operate time and transient overreach (SIR diagrams) Figure 25 \u2013 Power system network with zero load transfer <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
55<\/td>\n | Table 10 \u2013 Short line SIR and source impedance for selected ratedcurrent and frequency <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
56<\/td>\n | Table 11 \u2013 Short line SIR and source impedances for other rated current and frequency <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
57<\/td>\n | Figure 26 \u2013 Dynamic performance: operate time and dynamic overreach (SIR diagram) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
58<\/td>\n | Figure 27 \u2013 SIR diagram for short line: minimum operate time <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
59<\/td>\n | Figure 28 \u2013 SIR diagram for short line: average operate time Figure 29 \u2013 SIR diagram for short line: maximum operate time <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
61<\/td>\n | Figure 30 \u2013 Dynamic performance tests (SIR diagrams) Table 12 \u2013 Long line SIR and source impedances for selected rated current and frequency <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
62<\/td>\n | Table 13 \u2013 Long line SIR and source impedances for other rated current and frequency <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
63<\/td>\n | 6.3.3 Dynamic performance: operate time and transient overreach (CVT-SIR diagrams) Figure 31 \u2013 SIR diagram for long line: minimum operate time <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
64<\/td>\n | Figure 32 \u2013 SIR diagram for long line: average operate time Figure 33 \u2013 SIR diagram for long line: maximum operate time <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
65<\/td>\n | Table 14 \u2013 Short line CVT-SIR source impedance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
66<\/td>\n | Figure 34 \u2013 Dynamic performance: operate time and dynamic overreach(CVT-SIR diagram) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
67<\/td>\n | 6.3.4 Dynamic performance: transient overreach tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
68<\/td>\n | Figure 35 \u2013 CVT-SIR diagram for short line: minimum operate time Figure 36 \u2013 CVT-SIR diagram for short line: average operate time <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
69<\/td>\n | Figure 37 \u2013 CVT-SIR diagram for a short line: maximum operate time <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
70<\/td>\n | Table 15 \u2013 Transient overreach table for short line Table 16 \u2013 Transient overreach table for long line <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
71<\/td>\n | 6.3.5 Dynamic performance: typical operate time Table 17 \u2013 Transient overreach table for short line with CVTs <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
72<\/td>\n | Figure 38 \u2013 Fault statistics for typical operate time <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
73<\/td>\n | Table 18 \u2013 Typical operate time Table 19 \u2013 Typical operate time <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
74<\/td>\n | Table 20 \u2013 Typical operate time <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
75<\/td>\n | Figure 39 \u2013 Frequency distribution of operate time Table 21 \u2013 Typical operate time (mode, median, mean) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
76<\/td>\n | 6.4 Performance with harmonics 6.4.1 Steady state harmonics tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
77<\/td>\n | 6.4.2 Transient oscillation tests (network simulation L-C) Figure 40 \u2013 Ramping test for harmonics Table 22 \u2013 Steady state harmonics test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
79<\/td>\n | Figure 41 \u2013 Steady-state harmonics test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
80<\/td>\n | Figure 42 \u2013 Simulated power system network Table 23 \u2013 Capacitance values <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
81<\/td>\n | Figure 43 \u2013 Flowchart of transient oscillation tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
83<\/td>\n | Figure 44 \u2013 Simulated voltages (UL1, UL2, UL3) and currents (IL1, IL2, IL3) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
84<\/td>\n | 6.5 Performance during off-nominal frequency 6.5.1 Steady state frequency deviation tests Figure 45 \u2013 Transient oscillation tests \u2013 Operate time <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
85<\/td>\n | Figure 46 \u2013 Test points for quadrilateral characteristics Figure 47 \u2013 Test points for MHO characteristic Figure 48 \u2013 Test ramp direction for quadrilateral characteristic <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
86<\/td>\n | Figure 49 \u2013 Test ramp direction for MHO characteristic <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
87<\/td>\n | 6.5.2 Transient frequency deviation tests Table 24 \u2013 Quadrilateral\/polygonal basic characteristic accuracy at fmin and fmax Table 25 \u2013 MHO basic characteristic accuracy at f min and f max <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
88<\/td>\n | Figure 50 \u2013 Steady-state frequency deviation tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
89<\/td>\n | Figure 51 \u2013 Short line model for frequency deviation test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
91<\/td>\n | Figure 52 \u2013 Flowchart of transient frequency deviation tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
92<\/td>\n | 6.6 Double infeed tests 6.6.1 Double infeed tests for single line Figure 53 \u2013 SIR diagrams for frequency deviation tests \u2013 average operate time <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
93<\/td>\n | Figure 54 \u2013 Network model for single line tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
94<\/td>\n | Figure 55 \u2013 Line to earth fault Figure 56 \u2013 Line to line fault Figure 57 \u2013 Line to line to earth fault <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
95<\/td>\n | Figure 58 \u2013 Three-phase fault <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
96<\/td>\n | Table 26 \u2013 Tests without pre-fault load <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
97<\/td>\n | Table 27 \u2013 Tests with pre-fault load <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
98<\/td>\n | 6.6.2 Double infeed tests for parallel lines (without mutual inductance) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
100<\/td>\n | Figure 59 \u2013 Network model for parallel lines tests Table 28 \u2013 Current reversal test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
101<\/td>\n | Figure 60 \u2013 Network model for current reversal test Table 29 \u2013 Evolving faults (only one line affected) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
102<\/td>\n | 6.6.3 Reporting of double infeed test results Table 30 \u2013 Evolving faults (both lines affected) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
103<\/td>\n | 7 Documentation requirements 7.1 Type test report 7.2 Documentation Table 31 \u2013 Double infeed test results <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
104<\/td>\n | Annex A (informative) Impedance characteristics A.1 Overview A.1.1 General A.1.2 Non-directional circular characteristic A.1.3 MHO characteristic Figure A.1 \u2013 Non-directional circular characteristic with directional supervision <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
105<\/td>\n | Figure A.2 \u2013 MHO characteristic <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
106<\/td>\n | A.1.4 Quadrilateral\/polygonal Figure A.3 \u2013 Quadrilateral\/polygonal characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
108<\/td>\n | A.2 Example characteristics A.2.1 General A.2.2 Non-directional circular characteristic (ohm) A.2.3 Reactive reach line characteristic Figure A.4 \u2013 Non-directional circular characteristic (ohm) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
109<\/td>\n | A.2.4 MHO characteristic A.2.5 Resistive and reactive intersecting lines characteristic Figure A.5 \u2013 Reactive reach line characteristic Figure A.6 \u2013 MHO characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
110<\/td>\n | A.2.6 Offset MHO characteristic. Figure A.7 \u2013 Resistive and reactive intersecting lines characteristics Figure A.8 \u2013 Offset MHO <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
112<\/td>\n | Annex B (informative) Informative guide for the behaviour of timers in distance protection zones for evolving faults Figure B.1 \u2013 The same fault type evolving from time delayed zone 3 (position 1) into time delayed zone 2 (position 2) after 200 ms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
113<\/td>\n | Figure B.2 \u2013 Phase to earth fault in time delayed zone 3 (position 1) evolving into three-phase fault in the same zone (position 2) after 200 ms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
114<\/td>\n | Annex C (normative) Setting example Figure C.1 \u2013 Setting example for a radial feeder <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
115<\/td>\n | Figure C.2 \u2013 Phase to earth fault (LN) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
116<\/td>\n | Figure C.3 \u2013 Phase to phase fault (LL) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
117<\/td>\n | Annex D (normative) Calculation of mean, median and mode D.1 Mean D.2 Median D.3 Mode D.4 Example <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
118<\/td>\n | Annex E (informative) CT saturation and influence on the performance of distance relays <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
119<\/td>\n | Figure E.1 \u2013 Fault positions to be considered for specifying the CT requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
121<\/td>\n | Annex F (informative) Informative guide for testing distance relays based on CT requirements specification F.1 General Figure F.1 \u2013 Fault positions to be considered <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
122<\/td>\n | F.2 Test data Figure F.2 \u2013 Double source network <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
123<\/td>\n | F.3 CT data and CT model <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
124<\/td>\n | Figure F.3 \u2013 Magnetization curve for the basic CT Table F.1 \u2013 Magnetization curve data <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
125<\/td>\n | Figure F.4 \u2013 Secondary current at the limit of saturation caused by AC component with no remanent flux in the CT Figure F.5 \u2013 Secondary current in case of maximum DC offset <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
127<\/td>\n | Annex G (informative) Informative guide for dimensioning of CTs for distance protection G.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
128<\/td>\n | G.2 Example 1 Figure G.1 \u2013 Distance relay example 1 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
129<\/td>\n | Table G.1 \u2013 Fault currents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
130<\/td>\n | G.3 Example 2 Figure G.2 \u2013 Distance relay example 2 Table G.2 \u2013 Fault currents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
133<\/td>\n | Annex H (normative) Calculation of relay settings based on generic point P expressed in terms of voltage and current H.1 Settings for quadrilateral\/polygonal characteristic Figure H.1 \u2013 Quadrilateral\/polygonal characteristic showing test point P on the reactive reach line <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
134<\/td>\n | Figure H.2 \u2013 Quadrilateral distance protection function characteristic showing test point P on the resistive reach line. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
135<\/td>\n | H.2 Settings for MHO characteristic Figure H.3 \u2013 MHO characteristic showing test point P <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
136<\/td>\n | Annex I (normative) Ramping methods for testing the basic characteristic accuracy I.1 Relationship between simulated fault impedance and analog quantities I.2 Pre-fault condition I.3 Phase to earth faults <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
137<\/td>\n | Figure I.1 \u2013 Three-line diagram showing relay connections and L1N fault Figure I.2 \u2013 Voltage and current phasors for L1N fault <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
138<\/td>\n | I.4 Phase to phase faults. Figure I.3 \u2013 Voltages and currents for L1N fault, constant fault current Figure I.4 \u2013 Voltages and currents for L1N fault, constant fault voltage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
139<\/td>\n | Figure I.5 \u2013 Three-line diagram showing relay connections and L1L2 fault <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
140<\/td>\n | Figure I.6 \u2013 Voltage and current phasors for L1L2 fault Figure I.7 \u2013 Voltages and currents for L1L2 fault, constant fault current <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
141<\/td>\n | I.5 Ramps in the impedance plane I.5.1 Pseudo-continuous ramp Figure I.8 \u2013 Voltages and currents for L1L2 fault, constant fault voltage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
142<\/td>\n | I.5.2 Ramp of shots Figure I.9 \u2013 Pseudo-continuous ramp distance relay characteristic on an impedance plane Figure I.10 \u2013 Pseudo-continuous ramp showing impedance step change and the time step <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
143<\/td>\n | Figure I.11 \u2013 Ramp of shots distance relay characteristic on an impedance plane <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
144<\/td>\n | Figure I.12 \u2013 Ramp of shots showing impedance step change and the time step Figure I.13 \u2013 Ramp of shots with binary search algorithm <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
145<\/td>\n | Annex J (normative) Definition of fault inception angle Figure J.1 \u2013 Graphical definition of fault inception angle <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
146<\/td>\n | Table J.1 \u2013 Fault type and reference voltage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
147<\/td>\n | Annex K (normative) Capacitive voltage instrument transformer model K.1 General K.2 Capacitor voltage transformer (CVT) Figure K.1 \u2013 CVT equivalent electrical circuit <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
148<\/td>\n | Table K.1 \u2013 Parameter values for the 50\u00a0Hz version of the CVT model Table K.2 \u2013 Parameter values for the 60\u00a0Hz version of the CVT model <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
149<\/td>\n | Figure K.2 \u2013 Transient response of the 50\u00a0Hz version of the CVT model <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Measuring relays and protection equipment – Functional requirements for distance protection<\/b><\/p>\n |