IEEE C57.158 2017:2018 Edition
$52.54
IEEE Guide for the Application of Tertiary and Stabilizing Windings in Power Transformers
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| IEEE | 2018 | 80 |
New IEEE Standard – Active. The application of tertiary and stabilizing windings in liquid-immersed power transformers, as covered by IEEE Std C57.12.00™, as well as recommendations to evaluate the need or convenience of having such windings, are addressed in this guide. The primary application of this guide is for transformers and autotransformers with wye-wye-connected windings, with or without a delta-connected tertiary or stabilizing winding. Tertiary windings in conventional delta-wye and delta-delta–connected transformers are not addressed by this guide.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 1 | IEEE Std C57.158-2017 Front Cover |
| 2 | Title page |
| 4 | Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Standards Documents |
| 7 | Participants |
| 9 | Introduction |
| 10 | Contents |
| 12 | 1. Overview 1.1 Scope 1.2 Purpose 2. Normative references |
| 13 | 3. Definitions |
| 14 | 4. Introduction to stabilizing and tertiary windings 4.1 Wye-wye-connected transformers |
| 16 | 4.2 Application of stabilizing windings, from the perspective of power system design and operation |
| 17 | 4.3 Application of stabilizing windings from perspective of transformers performance |
| 18 | 5. Function of the stabilizing and tertiary windings 5.1 How stabilizing windings function 5.1.1 Disadvantages of the wye-wye connection |
| 19 | 5.1.2 Stabilization of the neutral point of the Y connection |
| 22 | 5.1.3 Zero-sequence impedance and the zero-sequence current path |
| 25 | 5.1.4 Suppressing third-harmonic voltages |
| 29 | 5.1.5 Preventing telephone interference |
| 30 | 5.2 When is a stabilizing winding required? |
| 31 | 5.3 Sizing a stabilizing winding 5.3.1 Short-circuit capability |
| 32 | 5.3.2 Thermal rating of a stabilizing winding |
| 37 | 5.4 Short-circuit and continuous rating of tertiary windings |
| 39 | 6. Application of stabilizing and tertiary windings 6.1 Network interconnection transformers and autotransformers 6.1.1 Basic requirements for interconnection of electric networks 6.1.2 Considerations for tertiary windings in transmission networks |
| 40 | 6.1.3 Specification of stabilizing windings and tertiary windings for transmission transformers |
| 41 | 6.1.4 Autotransformers |
| 45 | 6.2 Primary substation power transformers 6.3 Wind farm collector transformers (three phase) |
| 46 | 6.4 Grounding of wye-wye transformers’ neutrals |
| 47 | 6.5 Some special practice from utilities 6.5.1 Specification of a loosely coupled stabilizing winding 6.5.2 External elements to limit tertiary winding fault currents 6.5.3 Eliminating external three-phase faults 6.5.4 Auxiliary, buck-boost transformer at the tertiary bus 6.5.5 Current-limiting fuses 7. Behavior of transformers with stabilizing or tertiary winding under short circuit 7.1 Short-circuit currents |
| 49 | 7.2 Short-circuit stresses |
| 50 | 7.3 Calculation of short-circuit currents for line-to-ground faults 7.3.1 Application of symmetrical components by asymmetrical faults |
| 51 | 7.3.2 Sequence equivalent circuits for a wye-wye-delta-connected transformer |
| 53 | 7.3.3 Combined equivalent network for single line-to-ground fault |
| 55 | 7.4 Short-circuit current calculation report for a wye-wye-delta transformer 7.5 Consequences from specifying high short-circuit power for MV networks |
| 57 | 7.6 Paralleling of transformers and autotransformers with and without tertiary or stabilizing windings |
| 58 | 7.7 Application of current-limiting reactors on stabilizing and tertiary windings 7.7.1 Placement of reactors as part of the delta connection 7.7.2 Some practical recommendations for reactor rating |
| 59 | 7.7.3 Application of internal current-limiting reactors in series with the delta terminals 8. Behavior under transient and continuous unbalanced conditions on main windings 8.1 Behavior under transient conditions 8.1.1 Low-frequency phenomena |
| 60 | 8.1.2 High-frequency phenomena 8.1.3 Geomagnetic induced currents (GIC) 8.2 Currents and voltages on wye-wye-connected transformers and autotransformers, subjected to unbalanced loads 8.3 Behavior of transformers and autotransformers without stabilizing or tertiary winding 8.3.1 Basic considerations |
| 61 | 8.3.2 Other neutral-stabilizing means 9. Recommendations for specification and testing, and general considerations for design 9.1 Specification of tertiary and stabilizing windings 9.1.1 Terminals to be brought out of the transformer |
| 62 | 9.1.2 Taps in the tertiary winding |
| 64 | 9.1.3 Voltage fluctuation in tertiary winding when the OLTC is in the neutral |
| 65 | 9.1.4 Autotransformer with loaded tertiary and with combined load on HV and LV |
| 66 | 9.1.5 Transformers with wye-connected test winding 9.2 Testing of tertiary windings 9.2.1 Application of existing IEEE standards 9.2.2 Turns ratio 9.2.3 Temperature rise test 9.2.4 Resistances 9.2.5 Impedances and load losses 9.2.6 Zero-sequence testing |
| 67 | 9.3 Testing of stabilizing windings 9.3.1 Introduction 9.3.2 Turns ratio testing 9.3.3 Resistance measurement 9.3.4 Winding insulation resistance and capacitance measurement 9.3.5 Impulse testing |
| 68 | 9.3.6 Applied voltage test 9.3.7 Induced voltage test 9.3.8 Impedance measurement 9.3.9 Zero-sequence testing 9.3.10 Frequency response analysis (FRA) |
| 70 | 9.4 Selection of stabilizing winding voltage rating |
| 71 | Annex A (informative) Bibliography |
| 74 | Annex B (informative) Symmetrical components B.1 Scope of application B.2 Conceptual framework |
| 77 | Annex C (informative) Transformer equivalent circuits and models |
| 78 | Annex D (informative) Short answers to frequently asked questions on stabilizing windings for wye-wye transformers |
| 79 | Annex E (informative) Example of a nameplate diagram |
| 80 | Back cover |
