IEEE 45.1-2023
$97.50
IEEE Recommended Practice for Electrical Installations on Shipboard–Design (Published)
Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
IEEE | 2023 | 240 |
Revision Standard – Active. Recommendations for the design of electrical power generation, distribution, propulsion, loads systems, and equipment on merchant, commercial, and naval vessels are covered in this document.
PDF Catalog
PDF Pages | PDF Title |
---|---|
1 | IEEE Std 45.1-2023 front cover |
2 | Title page |
4 | Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Standards Documents |
8 | Participants |
10 | Introduction |
11 | Contents |
16 | 1. Overview 1.1 Introduction |
17 | 1.2 Scope 1.3 Purpose 1.4 Word usage 1.5 Application of various national and international standards 1.6 Equipment construction, testing, and certification |
18 | 2. Normative references |
23 | 3. Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions |
31 | 3.2 Acronyms and abbreviations |
33 | 4. System engineering 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Design baseline |
34 | 4.3 Product design 4.4 Product baseline |
35 | 5. Power system characteristics 5.1 Electrical power systems architectures 5.1.1 Radial architecture |
36 | 5.1.2 Zonal architecture |
38 | 5.1.3 Hybrid architectures 5.2 Standard distribution system types 5.3 Nominal system voltage |
40 | 5.4 Standard frequency 5.5 Selection of voltage and system type |
41 | 5.6 AC power system characteristics |
42 | 5.7 DC power systems characteristics |
44 | 5.8 Key electrical power system design inputs 5.8.1 Electric plant load analysis 5.8.2 Ship consumer equipment locations 5.9 Quality of service (QoS) 5.9.1 Introduction 5.9.2 Service interruption |
45 | 5.9.3 Reconfiguration time (t1) 5.9.4 Generator start time (t2) 5.9.5 Mean time between service interruptions 5.9.6 QoS categories 5.9.6.1 Uninterruptible load 5.9.6.2 Short-term interrupt load |
46 | 5.9.6.3 Long-term interrupt loads 5.9.6.4 Exempt loads 5.10 Electrical power system concept of operation (EPS-CONOPS) |
47 | 5.11 Marine environmental conditions 5.11.1 Normal environmental conditions 5.11.2 Abnormal environmental conditions |
48 | 6. Electrical power system elements 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Power generation |
49 | 6.3 Power distribution 6.3.1 General |
50 | 6.3.2 Primary bus 6.3.3 Distribution bus 6.3.4 Secondary bus 6.3.5 Special bus 6.4 Power conversion 6.5 Energy storage |
51 | 6.6 Electrical power system supervisory control 6.6.1 General 6.6.2 Power system interface device (PSID) |
52 | 6.7 Loads 6.7.1 General 6.7.2 Uncontrolled load 6.7.3 Controlled load 6.7.4 Large loads 7. Power system design 7.1 Power generation and energy storage capacities 7.1.1 General recommendations |
53 | 7.1.2 Nonintegrated ship service power and propulsion power systems 7.1.3 Integrated power systems (IPSs) 7.1.4 Special cases |
54 | 7.2 Power conversion and transformer ratings 7.3 Emergency power 7.3.1 General |
55 | 7.3.2 Emergency generators |
56 | 7.3.3 Emergency energy storage 7.3.4 Emergency power distribution system |
57 | 7.3.5 Emergency switchboard configuration |
58 | 7.3.6 Temporary emergency power 7.3.7 Temporary emergency circuits |
59 | 7.3.8 Final emergency circuits 7.3.9 Time factor for supply of emergency power |
60 | 7.4 Safety 7.5 Power quality and harmonics |
62 | 7.6 Autonomous and remote control functions 7.7 Insulation system design 7.7.1 Creepage and clearance |
63 | 7.7.2 Coordinated insulation design |
64 | 7.8 Design life and removal routes |
65 | 8. Electrical power generation 8.1 General 8.2 Installation and location 8.2.1 General |
66 | 8.2.2 Air intakes 8.2.3 Engine exhaust 8.3 Generator set prime movers 8.3.1 Prime mover sizing and performance |
67 | 8.3.2 Lubrication 8.3.3 Diesel engine generator set 8.3.3.1 Diesel engine prime mover |
68 | 8.3.3.2 Diesel engine-generator controls |
69 | 8.3.4 Gas turbine generator set 8.3.4.1 Gas turbine prime mover 8.3.4.2 Gas turbine generator controls |
70 | 8.3.5 Steam turbine generator sets 8.3.6 Prime mover speed control system (governor) 8.3.6.1 General |
71 | 8.3.6.2 Mechanical governors 8.3.6.3 Hydraulic-mechanical governors 8.3.6.4 Electronic governors 8.3.7 Engine starters 8.3.8 Shutdown valve 8.3.9 Ignition systems |
72 | 8.4 Generators 8.4.1 General 8.4.2 Selection and sizing |
73 | 8.4.3 Generator design |
76 | 8.4.4 Terminal arrangements and incoming cables 8.4.5 Heaters 8.4.6 Nameplates |
77 | 8.4.7 Voltage regulation |
78 | 8.4.8 Generator metering and protection 8.4.9 Variable speed generators for use with rectifiers |
79 | 8.5 Fuel cells 9. Power distribution 9.1 General 9.2 Circuit elements |
80 | 9.3 Shore power 9.3.1 General 9.3.2 Nameplate |
82 | 9.4 Demand factors 9.4.1 General 9.4.2 Lighting, interior communications, and electronics circuits 9.4.3 Galley circuits 9.4.4 Individual and multiple motor circuits |
83 | 9.4.5 Other circuits 9.5 Voltage drop 9.5.1 General 9.5.2 Feeder and branch circuit continuity 9.5.3 Feeder connections 9.6 Lighting distribution 9.6.1 Lights controlled from the navigating bridge |
84 | 9.6.2 Machinery space lighting 9.6.3 Cargo space lighting 9.6.4 Accommodation space lighting |
85 | 9.6.5 Two-wire device connections 9.7 Delivery power feeders 9.8 Branch circuits 9.8.1 General 9.8.2 Heating and cooking equipment |
86 | 9.8.3 Motors 9.8.4 Fixed appliances 9.8.5 Receptacles 9.8.6 Lighting |
87 | 9.9 Circuit designation |
90 | 9.10 Distribution equipment 9.10.1 Distribution panels |
91 | 9.10.2 Circuit breakers 9.10.3 Wire lugs and connectors 9.10.4 Feeder box fittings 9.10.5 Branch box fittings |
92 | 9.10.6 Connection box fittings 9.10.7 Shore connection boxes 9.10.8 Feeder, branch, and connection boxes 9.10.8.1 General 9.10.8.2 Boxes exposed to weather |
93 | 9.10.8.3 Molded composition boxes 9.10.8.4 Minimum box wall thickness 9.10.8.5 Metallic box creepage and clearance 9.10.8.6 Stuffing tube bosses/pads 9.10.8.7 Box covers |
94 | 9.10.8.8 Watertight boxes 9.10.8.9 Box locations 9.10.9 Receptacles, plugs, and switchesānon-watertight 9.10.9.1 General |
95 | 9.10.9.2 Receptacles 9.10.9.3 Plugs 9.10.9.4 Switches 9.10.9.5 Connections |
96 | 9.10.9.6 Locations 9.10.10 Receptacles, plugs, and switches other than non-watertight 9.10.10.1 General 9.10.10.2 Connections |
97 | 9.10.10.3 Location 9.10.10.4 Terminal and stuffing tubes 9.10.11 Multi-cable penetrators 9.10.12 Bolts, taps, and threads 9.10.13 Power factor correction capacitors |
98 | 9.10.14 Surge Protective Devices 9.11 Embarked vehicle power |
99 | 10. Power conversion 10.1 Power electronics 10.2 Transformers 10.2.1 General |
100 | 10.2.2 Installation and location 10.2.3 Type, number, and rating 10.2.3.1 General |
102 | 10.2.3.2 Wye-wye transformers 10.2.3.3 Wye-delta transformers 10.2.3.4 Delta-wye transformers 10.2.3.5 Delta-delta transformers 10.2.3.6 Multi-winding transformers 10.2.4 Voltage regulation 10.2.5 Parallel operation |
103 | 10.2.6 Temperature rise 10.2.7 Terminals and connections 10.2.8 Nameplates |
104 | 11. Energy storage 11.1 General 11.2 Specific applications 11.2.1 Controls 11.2.2 Instrumentation |
105 | 11.2.3 Standby power applications 11.2.4 Buffer applications 11.2.5 Bulk energy storage 11.3 Rechargeable storage batteries 11.3.1 General |
106 | 11.3.2 Type of batteries |
108 | 11.3.3 Selection and assembly 11.3.3.1 Battery selection 11.3.3.2 Battery assembly |
109 | 11.3.4 Battery size categories 11.3.4.1 Large batteries 11.3.4.2 Moderate-sized batteries 11.3.4.3 Small batteries 11.3.5 Battery installation recommendations 11.3.5.1 General |
110 | 11.3.5.2 Cables 11.3.5.3 Large battery installation 11.3.5.4 Moderate-sized battery installation 11.3.5.5 Small battery installation |
111 | 11.3.6 Battery arrangement 11.3.6.1 General 11.3.6.2 Battery trays and racks 11.3.6.3 Battery storage lining |
112 | 11.3.7 Ventilation 11.3.7.1 General 11.3.7.2 Battery rooms 11.3.7.3 Battery lockers |
113 | 11.3.7.4 Battery boxes 11.3.7.5 General equipment rooms, electrical rooms, and other areas 11.3.7.6 Large battery installation ventilation 11.3.7.7 Moderate-sized and small battery installation ventilation |
114 | 11.3.8 Battery rating 11.3.9 Charging facilities 11.3.10 Overload protection |
115 | 11.3.11 Lithium battery application |
116 | 11.4 Flywheels 11.5 Supercapacitors 12. Voice communication systems |
117 | 13. Motor and motor application 13.1 General application 13.2 AC and DC motorsāGeneral |
118 | 13.3 Selection 13.3.1 Three-phase motor voltages 13.3.2 Single-phase ac motor voltages 13.3.3 Supply voltage 13.4 Installation and location |
119 | 13.5 Insulation of windings 13.6 Locked rotor kVA 13.7 Efficiency 13.8 Lubrication |
120 | 13.9 Terminal arrangements 13.10 Corrosion-resistant parts 13.11 Nameplates 13.12 Ambient temperature |
121 | 13.13 Limits of temperature rise |
122 | 13.14 Motor application 13.14.1 General 13.14.2 AC motors 13.14.3 DC motors 13.14.4 Ventilating fan and blower motors 13.14.5 Pump motors |
123 | 13.14.6 Refrigerated spaces 13.14.7 Galley, laundry, workshop, print shop, and similar spaces 13.14.8 Applications in hazardous locations 13.14.9 Deck machinery motors 13.15 Duty rating |
124 | 13.16 Steering gear motors 13.16.1 AC motors 13.16.2 DC motors 13.17 Motor brakes 13.17.1 Introduction 13.17.2 Types |
125 | 13.17.3 AC brakes 13.17.4 DC brakes 13.17.5 Accessibility 13.17.6 Enclosures 13.17.6.1 General 13.17.6.2 Open type 13.17.6.3 Drip proof enclosed 13.17.6.4 Watertight enclosed |
126 | 13.17.7 Construction 13.17.8 Nameplate 13.17.9 Brake application |
127 | 13.18 Magnetic friction clutches 13.18.1 General 13.18.2 Nameplate 13.19 Bearing discharge energy due to common-mode voltage |
128 | 14. Variable frequency drive (VFD) applications |
129 | 15. Electric propulsion and maneuvering system 15.1 Scope |
130 | 15.2 Regulations 15.3 System requirements 15.3.1 General 15.3.2 Redundancy 15.3.3 Safety |
131 | 15.4 Propulsion drive transformers |
132 | 15.5 Propulsion motors 15.5.1 General |
134 | 15.5.2 Propulsion motor excitation 15.5.3 AC propulsion motors 15.5.4 DC propulsion motors 15.6 Propulsion motor drives |
136 | 15.7 Propulsion control 15.8 Podded propulsion 15.8.1 General 15.8.2 Steering system 15.8.3 Shaft, bearing, sealing systems, and propellers 15.8.4 Auxiliary systems |
137 | 15.8.5 Electrically powered pods 15.8.5.1 Electric motor 15.8.5.2 Power transmission system 15.8.5.3 Ventilation and cooling unit 15.9 Propulsion cables 15.10 Propulsion equipment location |
138 | 15.11 Ventilation 15.12 Bed-plates and foundations 15.13 Lubrication |
139 | 16. Steering systems 16.1 General 16.2 Navigating bridge installation 16.3 Power supply 16.4 Alarm system |
140 | 16.5 Steering gear 16.5.1 General 16.5.2 Feeder circuits |
141 | 16.5.3 Direct-drive steering gear 16.6 Steering control systems 16.6.1 General 16.6.2 Steering control system installation |
142 | 16.6.3 Steering indication and alarm system 16.6.4 Steering failure alarm system |
143 | 17. Lighting equipment 17.1 General 17.2 Location 17.3 Provisions for portable lighting |
144 | 17.4 Permanent watertight fixtures 17.5 Permanent non-watertight fixtures 17.6 High-intensity discharge lamp fixtures 17.7 Lighting for hazardous locations |
145 | 17.8 Illumination 17.8.1 General 17.8.2 Lighting for cargo handling 17.8.3 Lighting for lifeboat and life raft area 17.9 Searchlights 17.9.1 General |
146 | 17.9.2 Construction and installation 17.9.3 Lifeboat searchlights 17.10 Emergency lighting 17.11 Nameplates |
147 | 17.12 Solid state lighting (SSL) 17.12.1 Introduction 17.12.2 SSL LED system design features for shipboard application 17.13 Navigation lights and signal lights 17.13.1 General 17.13.2 Navigation lights 17.13.3 Signaling lights |
148 | 17.13.4 Navigation light indicator panel 18. Whistle and siren control systems 19. Heating equipment 19.1 Construction |
149 | 19.2 Heating elements 19.3 Control switches |
150 | 19.4 Temperature 19.5 Nameplates 19.6 Electrical heat trace (EHT) 20. Galley equipment and workshop equipment 20.1 Electric cooking equipment 20.1.1 Construction |
151 | 20.1.2 Mounting 20.1.3 Electric power 20.1.4 Heating elements |
152 | 20.1.5 Wiring 20.1.6 Controls |
153 | 20.1.7 Range tops and griddles 20.1.8 Ovens and broilers |
154 | 20.1.9 Fry kettles 20.2 Motor-driven equipment 20.3 Nameplates |
155 | 21. Electrical power system protection 21.1 Overview 21.2 Electrical power system protection elements 21.2.1 Fault detection and classification 21.2.2 Fault localization 21.2.3 Fault isolation |
156 | 21.2.4 System reconfiguration 21.3 Electrical power system protection design 21.3.1 General |
157 | 21.3.2 Conductors 21.3.3 AC systems |
159 | 21.3.4 DC systems 21.3.5 Fault-current calculations and overcurrent protective devices 21.3.6 Fixture wires and cords 21.3.7 Motor branch circuits 22. System studies, analyses, and reports 22.1 General |
160 | 22.2 Electric plant load analysis (EPLA) 22.3 Load flow analysis and voltage drop analysis |
161 | 22.4 Dynamic analysis (transient and stability) 22.4.1 Background |
162 | 22.4.2 Articulation of working stability criteria |
163 | 22.4.3 Recommended dynamic analyses/stability assessments 22.5 Fault current analysis |
164 | 22.6 Harmonic and frequency analysis |
166 | 22.7 Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) 22.8 Electromagnetic interference (EMI) analysis |
167 | 22.9 Thermal analysis 22.10 Electrical power system data for the life-cycle cost analysis 22.11 Electrical power system data for the signature analysis 22.12 Safe return to port/survivability analysis 22.13 Future power growth assessment 22.14 Protective device coordination study |
168 | 22.15 Grounding system design report 22.16 Electrical power system corrosion control report 22.17 Electrical power system input to shipās weight report 22.18 Electrical power system section of the master equipment list |
169 | 22.19 Electrical power system input to endurance fuel calculations 22.20 Incident energy analysis 23. EMI/EMC/RFI 24. Materials 24.1 Corrosion-resistant parts |
170 | 24.2 Flame-retardant materials 24.3 Brittle material 24.4 Cable selection, application, and installation 24.5 Electrical components |
171 | 25. Power system grounding (earthing) 25.1 General 25.2 Power system grounding |
174 | 25.3 Grounding resistors and transformers 25.4 Connection point of system grounding 25.4.1 AC system grounding |
175 | 25.4.2 DC system grounding 25.4.3 Merging separately derived systems 25.5 Equipment grounding 25.5.1 General |
176 | 25.5.2 Equipment grounding methods |
177 | 25.5.3 Grounding of portable equipment 25.6 Ground plates on nonmetallic ships 25.7 Lightning protection grounding 25.8 Stray current protectionāCathodic protection |
178 | 25.9 Ground-fault detection 25.10 Condensation prevention 26. Arc flash management |
181 | 27. Hazardous locations, installations, and equipment 27.1 General 27.2 Hazardous area classification 27.2.1 Overview |
182 | 27.2.2 NEC and CE Code division classification systems 27.2.2.1 Types of explosive atmosphere 27.2.2.2 Likelihood that the explosive atmosphere is present |
183 | 27.2.2.3 Ignition-related properties of the explosive atmosphere 27.2.2.4 Maximum surface temperature of equipment |
184 | 27.2.3 NEC and CE Code zone classification systems 27.2.3.1 Types of explosive atmosphere 27.2.3.2 Likelihood that the explosive atmosphere is present |
185 | 27.2.3.3 Ignition-related properties of the explosive atmosphere |
186 | 27.2.3.4 Maximum surface temperature of equipment 27.3 Area classification for various vessel types 27.3.1 Introduction |
187 | 27.3.2 All vesselsāGeneral 27.3.3 Tank vessels and barges |
188 | 27.3.4 Vehicle carriers and roll-on/roll-off vessels 27.3.5 Mobile offshore drilling units (MODUs) 27.3.6 Coal carriers |
189 | 27.3.7 Dry bulk carriers other than coal carriers 27.4 Hazardous locations equipment protection techniques |
194 | 27.5 Hazardous locations equipment markings 27.5.1 NEC and CE Code division classification systems 27.5.2 NEC and CE Code zone classification systems |
195 | 27.6 Approved equipment |
196 | 27.7 Equipment installation 27.7.1 Wiring methods 27.7.2 Ventilation fans 27.7.3 Belt drives 27.7.4 Battery installations 27.7.5 Paint storage or mixing spaces 27.7.6 Vehicle spaces 27.7.7 Tank vessels 27.7.7.1 Distribution systems |
197 | 27.7.7.2 Combustible liquid cargo with a closed cup flashpoint of 60 Ā°C or higher 27.7.7.3 Flammable or combustible liquid cargo with a closed cup flashpoint below 60 Ā°C (including bulk liquefied gas carriers), ammonia, liquid sulfur carriers, and inorganic acid carriers 27.7.7.4 Bulk carbon disulfide 27.7.7.5 Bulk liquefied gas or ammonia 27.7.8 Submerged cargo pumps 27.7.9 Lighting for cargo handling rooms |
198 | 27.7.10 Branch circuits for hazardous spaces 27.7.11 Ungrounded distribution systems 27.7.12 Vessels carrying coal 28. Ship construction and outfitting 28.1 Storage and installation |
199 | 28.2 Spare parts 28.3 Documentation 28.4 Testing 29. System operation and maintenance 29.1 Fire extinguishing precautions |
200 | 29.2 Rotating machine cleanliness 29.3 Care of idle apparatus 29.4 Safety 29.5 Total waveform distortion measurements |
201 | 29.6 Cathodic protection sacrificial anodes |
202 | Annex A (informative) Bibliography |
203 | Annex B (normative) Electric plant load analysis B.1 Operating conditions |
204 | B.2 Groupings B.3 Load factors |
206 | B.4 Margins B.5 Load analysis summary |
211 | Annex C (informative) Common-mode fundamentals C.1 Introduction C.1.1 Common-mode voltage and current overview |
212 | C.1.2 Common-mode equivalent models |
213 | C.2 Definitions and reference selection |
214 | C.3 Neutral point |
215 | C.4 Common-mode current |
218 | C.5 Common-mode voltage source |
222 | C.6 Relationship of common-mode voltages and currents to dq0 transformation C.7 Common-mode modeling |
225 | C.8 Impact of asymmetry on common-mode voltages |
227 | C.9 Impact of multiple current paths on common-mode currents |
228 | C.10 Impact of grounding method on common-mode currents |
229 | C.11 Managing common-mode currents and voltages |
230 | C.12 Cable neutral conductors |
231 | C.13 Impact of ground faults on common-mode voltages and currents |
232 | C.14 References |
234 | Annex D (informative) Utilizing ThƩvenin circuits for common-mode evaluation of power electronic systems D.1 Introduction D.2 ThƩvenin modeling of power converters D.2.1 Background |
235 | D.2.2 Limitations of approach D.3 Characterizing TECs D.3.1 Hardware setup |
237 | D.3.2 Parameter extraction |
238 | D.4 Worst-case system level CM/DM behavior |
239 | D.5 References |
240 | Back cover |