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BSI PD ISO/TR 14047:2012

BSI PD ISO/TR 14047:2012

$215.11

Environmental management. Life cycle assessment. Illustrative examples on how to apply ISO 14044 to impact assessment situations

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2012 94
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The purpose of this Technical Report is to provide examples to illustrate current practice of life cycle impact assessment according to ISO 14044:2006. These examples are only a sample of all possible examples that could satisfy the provisions of ISO 14044. They offer “a way” or “ways” rather than the “unique way” of applying ISO 14044. They reflect the key elements of the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) phase of the LCA. The examples presented in this Technical Report are not exclusive and other examples exist to illustrate the methodological issues described.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
8 Scope
Organization of examples in this Technical Report
Mandatory and optional elements
Scope of examples
10 Organization of document and route map
11 Elements of LCIA as illustrated in the examples
Overview
Mandatory elements
Selection of impacts categories, category indicators and cha
16 Identification of possible indicators
17 Environmental relevance
18 Choice of impact categories
Assignment of LCI results (classification)
20 Calculation of category indicator results (characterization)
Optional elements (related to ISO 14044:2006, 4.4.3)
Calculating the magnitude of category indicator results rela
Grouping: sorting and ranking of the impact categories
21 Weighting
Data quality analysis
22 Examples of the mandatory elements of LCIA
General description
Example 1 – Use of two different materials for gas pipelines
Overview
23 Selection of impact categories, category indicators and char
Selection of impact categories
24 Selection of the indicator(s)
Selection of characterization models
25 Identification of characterization factors
26 Assignment of LCI results (classification) (ISO 14044:2006,
Calculation of category indicator results (characterization)
General
29 Example 2 – Two acidification impact category indicators
Overview – Examples illustrating the effect of selecting dif
Selection of impact categories, category indicators and char
Describing the environmental mechanism for an impact categor
31 Indicator models and characterization factors
33 Selection of the characterization model and characterization
Assignment of LCI results (classification) (ISO 14044:2006,
Calculation of category indicator results (characterization)
Calculation of the LCI results into the indicator result
35 Example 3 – Impacts of Greenhouses Gas (GHG) emissions and c
Overview
Selection of impact categories, category indicators and char
36 Selection of impact categories
Ensuring impact categories are consistent with the goal and
37 Considering the LCA study purpose and identifying the audien
Reviewing the LCI system functions, boundaries and unit proc
Identifying a comprehensive set of environmental issues rela
38 Selecting the impact categories
39 Describing the environmental mechanism for the impact catego
Selection of indicators
Selection of characterization models and factors
The IPCC model for radioactive forcing
40 The Calvin-Benson model for carbon sequestration
Characterization model for the storing of sequestered carbon
41 Refining the characterization model and factors
Characterization model for biomass fuels – Net-zero C emissi
Assignment of LCI results (classification) (ISO 14044:2006,
Classification of inventory results into impact categories
42 Calculation of category indicator results (characterization)
C sequestration and sinks and Net -zero for biomass fuel
43 C emissions from fossil fuels and landfill methane
44 Impact indicator results profile
Preliminary analysis and conclusions
45 Example 4 – Endpoint category indicators assessment
Overview
Concept of category indicators (ISO 14044:2006, 4.4.2.1)
47 Selection of impact categories, category indicators and char
Selection of impact categories
48 Ensuring impact categories are consistent with goal and scop
Considering the LCA study purpose and use identifying the au
Reviewing LCI system functions, boundaries and unit processe
Identifying a comprehensive set of environmental issues rela
Selecting the impact categories
Describing the environmental mechanism for an impact categor
49 Selection of indicators
Identify possible indicators
Reviewing needs and criteria for the indicator
50 Selected indicator
Selection of characterization model and characterization fac
51 Example 5 – Choice of material for a wind spoiler in car des
Overview – Example of the selection of impact categories str
52 Selection of impact categories, category indicators and char
53 Considering spatial and temporal differentiation of characte
Stating the environmental relevance of the category indicato
Assignment of LCI results (classification) (ISO 14044:2006,
Calculation of category indicator results (characterization)
The selection and use of characterization factors
55 Aggregation of the converted LCI results into the indicator
Examples of the optional elements of LCIA
Overview
56 Example 1 continued
Calculating the magnitude of the category indicator results
Overview – reviewing needs, criteria and reference informati
Selection of one or more types of reference system to be use
Calculation of normalization factors and results
57 Description of the effect on the study results
Example 2 continued
Calculating the magnitude of the category indicator results
Examples of the transformation of indicator results using se
59 Example 6 – Normalization of LCIA indicator results for the
Calculating the magnitude of the category indicator results
Overview
60 Determining the need for normalization (referring to goal an
Reviewing needs, criteria and reference information
61 Selection of one or more types of reference information to b
62 Calculation of normalization results
64 Description of the effect on the study results
65 Example 7 – Normalization in a waste management study
Calculating the magnitude of the category indicator results
Overview
Determining the needs for normalization (referring to goal a
Reviewing needs, criteria and reference information
67 Selection of one or more reference systems to be used
69 Calculation of standardized result
71 Description of the effect on the study results
Risk of this type of communication
72 Example 1 continued
Grouping: description of the effect on the study results (IS
Weighting: selecting weighting methods and determining weigh
Calculation of weighting results
Sensitivity analysis on weighting results
73 Example 5 continued
Weighting (ISO 14044:2006, 4.4.3.4)
74 Example 8 – A technique for the determination of weighting f
Weighting (ISO 14044:2006, 4.4.3.4)
Overview – Example of a technique for the determination of w
Weighting method
75 Determining weighting factors
76 Impacts categories
Endpoints
Weighting factors
79 Conclusion
Example 1 continued
Additional LCIA data quality analysis (ISO 14044:2006, 4.4.4
Gravity analysis
80 uncertainty analysis
sensitivity analysis
81 Example 5 continued
Additional LCIA data quality analysis (ISO 14044:2006, 4.4.4
Overview
Uncertainty analysis
Sensitivity analysis
82 Example 1 continued
Conclusions, limitations and recommendations (ISO 14044:2006
LCIA intended to be used in comparative assertions intended
Reporting (ISO 14044:2006, Clause 5)
Executive summary
83 Data and calculations
87 Presentation of results
88 Discussion and conclusions

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BSI PD ISO/TR 14047:2012
$215.11