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BSI PD IEC TR 62001-4:2021

BSI PD IEC TR 62001-4:2021

$215.11

High-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems. Guidance to the specification and design evaluation of AC filters – Equipment

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2021 94
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This part of IEC TR 62001, which is a Technical Report, provides guidance on the basic data of AC side filters for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems and their components such as ratings, power losses, design issues and special applications, protection, seismic requirements, equipment design and test parameters.

This document covers AC side filtering for the frequency range of interest in terms of harmonic distortion and audible frequency disturbances. It excludes filters designed to be effective in the power line carrier (PLC) and radio interference spectra.

It concerns the conventional AC filter technology and LCC (line-commutated converter) HVDC but much of this applies to any filter equipment for VSC (voltage sourced converter) HVDC.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
4 CONTENTS
8 FOREWORD
10 INTRODUCTION
11 1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Steady state rating
4.1 General
4.2 Calculation method
4.2.1 General
12 Figures
Figure 1 – Circuit for rating evaluation
13 4.2.2 AC system pre-existing harmonics
14 4.2.3 Combination of converter and pre-existing harmonics
4.2.4 Equipment rating calculations
18 4.2.5 Application of voltage ratings
4.3 AC network conditions
4.4 De-tuning effects
4.5 Network impedance for rating calculations
19 4.6 Outages
5 Transient stresses and rating
5.1 General
20 5.2 Switching impulse studies
5.2.1 Energization and switching
21 Figure 2 – Inrush current into a 12/24th double-tuned filter
22 5.2.2 Faults external to the filter
Figure 3 – Voltage across the low voltage capacitor of a 12/24th double-tuned filter at switch-on
23 5.2.3 Faults internal to the filter
Figure 4 – Voltage across the HV capacitor bank of a 12/24th double-tuned filter under fault conditions
24 5.2.4 Transformer inrush currents
5.3 Fast fronted waveform studies
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Lightning strikes
5.3.3 Busbar flashover studies
5.4 Insulation co-ordination
25 Figure 5 – Typical arrangements of surge arresters
26 6 Losses
6.1 Background
6.2 AC filter component losses
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Filter/shunt capacitor losses
27 Tables
Table 1 – Typical losses in an all-film capacitor unit
28 6.3 Reactor and resistor losses
6.3.1 General
29 6.3.2 Filter resistor losses
6.3.3 Shunt reactor losses
6.4 Criteria for loss evaluation
6.4.1 General
30 6.4.2 Fundamental frequency AC filter busbar voltage
6.4.3 Fundamental frequency and ambient temperature
6.4.4 AC system harmonic impedance
31 6.4.5 Harmonic currents generated by the converter
6.4.6 Pre-existing harmonic distortion
6.4.7 Anticipated load profile of the converter station
32 7 Design issues and special applications
7.1 General
7.2 Performance aspects
7.2.1 Low order harmonic filtering and resonance conditions with AC system
33 7.2.2 Definition of interference factors to include harmonics up to 5 kHz
34 7.2.3 Triple-tuned filter circuits
35 7.2.4 Harmonic AC filters on tertiary winding of converter transformers
36 7.3 Rating aspects
7.3.1 Limiting high harmonic currents in parallel-resonant filter circuits
7.3.2 Transient ratings of parallel circuits in multiple tuned filters
7.3.3 Overload protection of high-pass harmonic filter resistors
37 7.3.4 Back-to-back switching of filters or shunt capacitors
7.3.5 Short time overload – reasonable specification of requirements
38 7.3.6 Low voltage filter capacitors without fuses
7.4 Filters for special purposes
7.4.1 Harmonic filters for damping transient overvoltages
39 7.4.2 Non-linear filters for low order harmonics/transient overvoltages
Figure 6 – Non-linear low order filter for Vienna Southeast HVDC station
40 7.4.3 Series filters for HVDC converter stations
Figure 7 – Single-tuned series filter and impedance plot
41 Figure 8 – Triple-tuned series filter and impedance plot
42 Figure 9 – Mixed series and shunt AC filters at Uruguaiana HVDC station
43 7.4.4 Re-tunable AC filters
44 7.5 Impact of new HVDC station in vicinity of an existing station
Figure 10 – Re-tunable AC filter branch
45 7.6 Redundancy issues and spares
7.6.1 Redundancy of filters – Savings in ratings and losses
46 7.6.2 Internal filter redundancy
7.6.3 Spare parts
47 8 Protection
8.1 Overview
8.2 General
49 8.3 Bank and sub-bank overall protection
8.3.1 General
8.3.2 Short-circuit protection
8.3.3 Overcurrent protection
8.3.4 Thermal overload protection
50 8.3.5 Differential protection
8.3.6 Earth fault protection
8.3.7 Overvoltage and undervoltage protection
51 8.3.8 Special protection functions and harmonic measurements
8.3.9 Busbar and breaker failure protection
8.4 Protection of individual filter components
8.4.1 Unbalance protection for filter and shunt capacitors
53 8.4.2 Protection of low voltage tuning capacitors
8.4.3 Overload protection and detection of filter detuning
8.4.4 Temperature measurement for protection
8.4.5 Measurement of fundamental frequency components
8.4.6 Capacitor fuses
54 8.4.7 Protection and rating of instrument transformers
55 8.4.8 Examples of protection arrangements
8.5 Personnel protection
56 Figure 11 – Example of a protection schemefor an unearthed shunt capacitor
57 Figure 12 – Example of a protection scheme for a C-type filter
58 9 Audible noise
9.1 General
9.2 Sound active components of AC filters
59 Figure 13 – Electrical spectrum
Figure 14 – Force spectrum
60 9.3 Sound requirements
9.4 Noise reduction
61 10 Seismic requirements
10.1 General
62 10.2 Load specification
10.2.1 Seismic loads
63 10.2.2 Additional loads
10.2.3 Soil quality
10.3 Method of qualification
10.3.1 General
10.3.2 Qualification by analytical methods
64 10.3.3 Design criteria
65 10.3.4 Documentation for qualification by analytical methods
10.4 Examples of improvements in the mechanical design
11 Equipment design and test parameters
11.1 General
11.1.1 Technical information and requirements
66 11.1.2 Technical information to be provided by the customer
11.1.3 Customer requirements
68 11.1.4 Technical information to be presented by the bidders
11.1.5 Ratings
69 11.2 Capacitors
11.2.1 General
11.2.2 Design aspects
71 Figure 15 – Comparison of internal, fuseless and external fused capacitor unit designs
72 11.2.3 Electrical data
Table 2 – Electrical data for capacitors
73 11.2.4 Tests
11.3 Reactors
11.3.1 General
11.3.2 Design aspects
74 11.3.3 Electrical data
75 11.3.4 Tests
Table 3 – Electrical data for reactors
76 11.4 Resistors
11.4.1 General
11.4.2 Design aspects
77 11.4.3 Electrical data
Table 4 – Electrical data for resistors
78 11.4.4 Tests
79 11.5 Arresters
11.5.1 General
80 11.5.2 Design aspects
11.5.3 Electrical data
81 11.5.4 Arresters: tests
11.6 Instrument transformers
11.6.1 Voltage transformers
Table 5 – Electrical data for arresters
82 11.6.2 Current transformers
83 Table 6 – Electrical data for current transformers
84 11.7 Filter switching equipment
11.7.1 General
11.7.2 Design aspects
87 11.7.3 Electrical data
88 11.7.4 Test requirements
Table 7 – Electrical data for filter switching equipment
90 Annex A (informative) Example of seismic response spectra (from IEEE Std 693-2005)
Figure A.1 – Seismic response spectra
91 Bibliography

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BSI PD IEC TR 62001-4:2021
$215.11