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BSI PD IEC TR 60904-14:2020

BSI PD IEC TR 60904-14:2020

$142.49

Photovoltaic devices – Guidelines for production line measurements of single-junction PV module maximum power output and reporting at standard test conditions

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2020 32
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This document provides guidelines for measurements of the maximum power (Pmax) output of single-junction photovoltaic (PV) modules and for reporting at standard test conditions (STC) in industrial production line settings. Such measurements typically:

  • Record current-voltage (I-V) data while illuminating the module with a solar simulator;

  • Are performed on 100 % of manufactured modules, in order to determine whether they meet nameplate requirements for various bins spanning different power output levels.

This type of measurement is widespread and performed in high volume by PV module manufacturers worldwide. As it is desirable to have consistent measurement practices across the industry, this document describes the following features of such measurements:

  • Essential elements, in order to provide common understanding;

  • Common issues or complications;

  • Sources of error and uncertainty, including recommendations to minimize them.

Understanding of Pmax measurement uncertainties is expected to be useful in application of other IEC documents, such as IEC 61215-1 and IEC 62941, where Pmax tolerances and uncertainties must be determined. Whenever possible, this document references specific IEC documents covering topics in more detail. Where no such documents exist, this document provides guidance and recommendations based on other publications relevant to the PV industry.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
4 CONTENTS
6 FOREWORD
8 1 Scope
2 Normative references
9 3 Terms and definitions
4 Measurement principles
4.1 Measurement of I-V curves
10 4.2 Standard test conditions
4.2.1 General
Figures
Figure 1 – Application of IEC documents to report STC Pmax values, adapted from published work [1]
11 4.2.2 Additional practical considerations
4.2.3 Deviations from STC, errors, and uncertainties
Figure 2 – Graphical summary of STC (cross-sectional view of module)
13 Tables
Table 1 – Factors contributing to Pmax uncertainty
14 4.3 Solar simulators
4.3.1 General
Table 2 – Summary of effects due to deviations from STC and factors of 4.2.2
15 4.3.2 Solar simulator requirements in relevant IEC documents
4.3.3 Spectral distribution of irradiance
16 4.3.4 Spatial non-uniformity of irradiance
17 4.3.5 Temporal instability of irradiance
18 4.3.6 Angular distribution of irradiance
4.4 Reference modules
4.4.1 General
19 4.4.2 Irradiance monitoring
4.4.3 Reference device requirements in relevant IEC documents
20 4.4.4 Reference module characteristics
Figure 3 – Example traceability chain for production PV modules, adapted from published work [10]
21 4.5 Calibration and operation procedures of measurement equipment
4.5.1 General
4.5.2 Calibration and operation procedure requirements in relevant IEC documents
22 4.5.3 Calibration frequency
4.5.4 Factors affecting calibration of measurement equipment
23 Table 3 – Types of production module Pmax errors that can be partially cancelled by setting solar simulator irradiance using a matched reference module
24 Dashed lines represent optional validation checks.
Figure 4 – Flowchart describing solar simulator irradiance adjustment based on reference module Pmax; adapted from published work [7]
26 Figure 5 – Illustration of four-terminal electrical connection to a PV module
27 5 Measurement systems analysis
5.1 General
5.2 Evaluation of measurement repeatability and reproducibility
28 Table 4 – Small sampling analysis (n = 4, p = 4) over a single day, including variation in module placement and module electrical connection [10] (solar simulator irradiance was set for each trial using the reference module’s Pmax)
30 Bibliography

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BSI PD IEC TR 60904-14:2020
$142.49