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BSI PD 6691:2007

BSI PD 6691:2007

$165.47

Guidance on the use of BS EN 13108 Bituminous mixtures. Material specifications

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2007 84
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PD 6691 gives guidance on the use of BS EN 13108-1, BS EN 13108-4, BS EN 13108-5, BS EN 13108-8, BS EN 13108-20 and BS EN 13108-21. It includes general guidance and background information on BS EN 13108. Annex B provides guidance, based on the requirements formerly specified in BS 4987, for producing asphalt concrete that conforms to BS EN 13108-1; Annex C gives similar guidance, based on the requirements formerly specified in BS 594-1, for producing hot rolled asphalt that conforms to BS EN 13108-4; and Annex D provides guidance for producing stone mastic asphalt that conforms to BS EN 13108-5. This document does not give guidance on BS EN 13108-2, BS EN 13108-3, BS EN 13108-6 or BS EN 13108-7 as these are either little used in the UK or covered by other guidance.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
3 Contents
Introduction 1
1 Scope 3
2 Terms and definitions 3
3 Constituent materials 5
4 Mixture composition 7
5 BS EN 13108-1 Asphalt concrete specification requirements 8
6 BS EN 13108-2 Asphalt concrete for very thin layers specification requirements 16
7 BS EN 13108-3 Soft asphalt specification requirements 16
8 BS EN 13108-4 Hot rolled asphalt specification requirements 16
9 BS EN 13108-5 Stone mastic asphalt specification requirements 21
10 BS EN 13108-6 Mastic asphalt 26
11 BS EN 13108-7 Porous asphalt 26
12 BS EN 13108-8 Reclaimed asphalt specification requirements 26
13 Evaluation of conformity 27
Annexes
Annex A (informative) BS EN 13108 Mixture specifications 41
Annex B (informative) BS EN 13108-1 Asphalt concrete – example specification 42
Annex C (informative) BS EN 13108-4 Hot rolled asphalt – example specification 59
Annex D (informative) BS EN 13108-5 Stone mastic asphalt – example specification 70
Bibliography 75
List of figures
Figure B.1 – Example specification for asphalt concrete 42
Figure C.1 – Example specification for hot rolled asphalt 59
Figure D.1 – Example specification for stone mastic asphalt 70
List of tables
Table 1 – References to protocols in BS 594987 29
Table 2 – Type testing sample preparation and testing requirements for UK asphalt concrete mixtures conforming to BS EN 13108-1 31
Table 3 – Type testing sample preparation and testing requirements for UK SMA mixtures conforming to BS EN 13108-5 31
Table 4 – Type testing sample preparation and testing requirements for UK SMA mixtures conforming to BS EN 13108-5 32
Table 5 – Permitted mean deviations from target 35
Table 6 – Determination of operating compliance level of plant for single results 35
Table 7 – Minimum frequency for analysis of finished product (tonnes/test) 36
4 Table 8 – Tolerances to be applied to the declared target grading and binder content 37
Table 9 – Example of a declared specification 39
Table 10 – Example of a declared specification 39
Table 11 – Example of a declared specification 40
Table 11 – Example of a declared specification 40
Table 12 – Next harder grades for recovered binder assessment 40
Table A.1 – Importance of mixture specifications 41
Table B.1 – Aggregate grading target limits for 32 mm designed dense/HDM/HMB base mixtures AC 32 dense/HDM/HMB base XX/YY des 47
Table B.2 – Binder grades for dense base and binder course mixtures 47
Table B.3 – Minimum target binder content for designed dense base mixtures 47
Table B.4 – Limiting wheel-tracking requirements for site classifications 48
Table B.5 – Aggregate grading target limits for 32 mm designed dense/HDM/HMB binder course mixtures AC 32 dense/HDM/HMB bin XX/YY des 49
Table B.6 – Table B.6 – Aggregate grading target limits for 20 mm designed dense/HDM/HMB binder course mixtures AC 20 dense/HDM/ HMB bin XX/YY des 49
Table B.7 – Minimum target binder content for designed binder course mixtures 49
Table B.8 – Aggregate grading target limits for 20 mm, 14 mm and 10 mm EME2 mixtures AC 20/14/10 EME2 base/bin XX/YY des 50
Table B.9 – Minimum target binder content Bact 50
Table B.10 – Number of gyrations 51
Table B.11 – Target limits for composition for recipe dense base and binder course mixtures AC D dense/HDM base/bin XX/YY rec 53
Table B.12 – Target limits for composition for open graded binder course mixtures AC D open bin XX/YY (grav) 54
Table B.13 – Target limits for composition for open graded surface course mixtures AC D open surf XX/YY 55
Table B.14 – Target limits for composition for close graded surface course mixtures AC D close surf XX/YY 56
Table B.15 – Table B.15 – Guidance on selection of binder grades 57 Table B.16 – Target limits for composition for dense, medium graded and fine graded surface course mixtures AC D dense/med/fine surf XX/YY 57
Table B.17 – Maximum temperature of the mixture 58
Table C.1 – Limits for target composition for base and binder course mixtures 62
Table C.2A – Limits for target composition for surface course mixtures, Type F mixtures – Design and recipe target aggregate gradings HRA%/D F surf XX/YY des/rec 64
Table C.2B – Limits for target composition for surface course mixtures, Type F recipe mixtures – binder content HRA%/D F surf XX/YY rec 65
Table C.2C – Limits for target composition for surface course mixtures, Type C – Design mixtures HRA%/D C surf XX/YY des 66
Table C.3 – Limiting wheel-tracking recommendations for site classifications 67
5 Table C.4 – Maximum temperature of the mixture 67
Table C.5 – Compliance grading of chippings 69
Table D.1 – Limits for target composition for SMA mixtures 73
Table D.2 – Limiting wheel-tracking recommendations for site classifications 74
Table D.3 – Maximum temperature of the mixture 74
6 Foreword
7 Introduction
Overview of BS EN 13108
8 Evaluation of conformity
9 1 Scope
2 Terms and definitions
2.1 Composition
10 2.2 Measuring properties
2.3 Type of specification
11 3 Constituent materials
3.1 General
3.2 Binder
3.3 Aggregates
12 3.4 Reclaimed asphalt
13 4 Mixture composition
4.1 General
4.2 Grading and sieves
14 4.3 Binder content
5 BS EN 13108-1 Asphalt concrete specification requirements
5.1 General
15 5.2 Empirical or fundamental requirements
5.3 General, empirical and fundamental requirements
5.3.1 General requirements
5.3.1.1 Composition
5.3.1.2 Grading
5.3.1.3 Void content
16 5.3.1.4 Coating and homogeneity
5.3.1.5 Water sensitivity
5.3.1.6 Resistance to abrasion by studded tyres
5.3.1.7 Resistance to permanent deformation
17 5.3.1.8 Reaction to fire
5.3.1.9 Resistance to fuel and de-icing fluid for application on airfields
5.3.1.10 Temperature of the mixture
5.3.2 Empirical requirements
5.3.2.1 Grading
18 5.3.2.2 Binder content
5.3.2.3 Additives
5.3.2.4 Marshall values for application on airfields
19 5.3.2.5 Voids filled with bitumen
5.3.2.6 Voids in mineral aggregate
5.3.2.7 Void content at 10 gyrations
5.3.2.8 Over-specification
5.3.3 Fundamental requirements
5.3.3.1 Composition – grading and binder content
5.3.3.2 Stiffness
20 5.3.3.3 Resistance to permanent deformation in triaxial compression test
5.3.3.4 Resistance to fatigue
5.3.3.5 Over-specification
5.3.3.6 Durability
5.4 Identification
21 5.4.1 Mix designation
5.4.2 Examples
22 6 BS EN 13108-2 Asphalt concrete for very thin layers specification requirements
7 BS EN 13108-3 Soft asphalt specification requirements
8 BS EN 13108-4 Hot rolled asphalt specification requirements
8.1 General
23 8.2 Composition
8.2.1 General
8.2.2 Grading
8.2.3 Binder content
24 8.2.4 Binder volume
8.2.5 Additives
8.3 Coating and homogeneity
8.4 Void content
25 8.5 Water sensitivity
8.6 Reaction to fire
8.7 Resistance to permanent deformation
8.8 Stiffness
8.9 Resistance to fuel for application to airfields
8.10 Resistance to de-icing fluid for application to airfields
8.11 Temperature of the mixture
26 8.12 Over-specification
8.13 Durability
8.14 Identification
8.14.1 General
8.14.2 Mix designation
27 8.14.3 Examples
9 BS EN 13108-5 Stone mastic asphalt specification requirements
9.1 General
28 9.2 Composition
9.2.1 General
9.2.2 Grading
9.2.3 Binder content
29 9.2.4 Additives
9.3 Coating and homogeneity
9.4 Void content
9.5 Voids filled with bitumen
9.6 Binder drainage
30 9.7 Water sensitivity
9.8 Resistance to abrasion by studded tyres
9.9 Resistance to permanent deformation
9.10 Reaction to fire
9.11 Resistance to fuel and de-icing fluid for application on airfields
9.12 Temperature of the mixture
31 9.13 Durability
9.14 Identification
9.14.1 BS EN 13108-5:2006, Clause 7, requires that the delivery ticket contains at least the following information relating to identification:
9.14.2 Mix designation
32 9.14.3 Examples
10 BS EN 13108-6 Mastic asphalt
11 BS EN 13108-7 Porous asphalt
12 BS EN 13108-8 Reclaimed asphalt specification requirements
33 13 Evaluation of conformity
13.1 General
13.1.1 Initial type testing
13.1.2 Factory production control
34 13.2 BS EN 13108-20 Type testing
13.2.1 General
35 Table 1 References to protocols in BS 594987
13.2.2 Mix formulation and target composition
36 13.2.3 Validity and changes in constituent materials
13.2.4 Content of type testing declarations
13.2.4.1 General
13.2.4.2 Properties of mixed asphalt
37 Table 2 Type testing sample preparation and testing requirements for UK asphalt concrete mixtures conforming to BS EN 13108-1
Table 3 Type testing sample preparation and testing requirements for UK SMA mixtures conforming to BS EN 13108-5
38 Table 4 Type testing sample preparation and testing requirements for UK SMA mixtures conforming to BS EN 13108-5
13.3 BS EN 13108-21 Factory production control
13.3.1 General
39 13.3.2 Factory production control schedule requirements (BS EN 13108-21:2006 Clause 4 to Clause 10)
40 13.3.3 Tolerances and test frequencies for finished asphalt (BS EN 13108-21:2006, Annex A)
a) Target composition – whilst for most BS 594 and BS 4987 mixtures the composition was effectively a fixed “recipe” from the st…
b) Tolerances – for BS 594 and BS 4987 analysis tolerances were built into the compliance envelope for each mix specification. I…
c) Compliance specification – application of the appropriate tolerances about the target composition gives an envelope to be use…
d) Conformity of individual results or means of four – the FPC standard provides two approaches to the assessment of conformity….
e) Consideration of last 32 results – for the determination of the conformity of production it is required to consider the last …
f) Mean deviation from target – BS EN 13108-21 incorporates an additional measure in the determination of conformity which is co…
41 Table 5 Permitted mean deviations from target Extracted from BS EN 13108-21:2006, Table A.1
g) Operating compliance level – as in the Sector 14 scheme, BS EN 13108-21 works on the principle of varying the test frequency …
Table 6 Determination of operating compliance level of plant for single results Extracted from BS EN 13108-21:2006, Table A.2
42 h) Required test frequency – as in Sector 14, a degree of risk limitation is introduced by linking test frequency to OCL. The mi…
Table 7 Minimum frequency for analysis of finished product (tonnes/test) Extracted from BS EN 13108-21:2006, Table A.3
i) Non-conformity action trigger – in the event that more than 8 of the previous 32 results are found to be non-conforming, BS E…
13.3.4 Worked example of the application of tolerances to declared target gradings and binder contents
43 Table 8 Tolerances to be applied to the declared target grading and binder content Extracted from BS EN 13108-21:2006, Table A.1
13.3.5 Application of tolerances to sieves and soluble binder contents
a) compliance of the individual samples;
b) compliance of the mean of four samples.
44 Table 9 Example of a declared specification AC 32 HDM bin 40/60
Table 10 Example of a declared specification AC 6 dense surf 160/220 PSV 60
45 Table 11 Example of a declared specification HRA 35/14F surf 40/60 des PSV50
13.3.6 BS EN 13108-21:2006, Annex D, Testing of mix characteristics
13.3.6.1 General
46 13.3.6.2 Testing of recovered binder from mixtures containing reclaimed asphalt
Table 12 Next harder grades for recovered binder assessment
47 Annex A (informative) BS EN 13108 Mixture specifications
Table A.1 Importance of mixture specifications
48 Annex B (informative) BS EN 13108-1 Asphalt concrete – example specification
Figure B.1 Example specification for asphalt concrete
B.1 General
B.2 Constituent materials
B.2.1 Binder
B.2.2 Bitumen
49 B.2.3 Fluxing of hand-laid materials
50 B.2.4 Aggregates
a) Crushed rock of one or more of the following groups: basalt, gabbro, granite, gritstone, hornfels, limestone, porphyry or quartzite.
b) Gravel of one or more of the groups in a) or flint, crushed or uncrushed, or combinations of both types.
c) When gravel other than limestone gravel is used, 2% by mass of the total aggregate of either hydrated lime or cement shall be used as a filler.
d) Blast furnace slag.
e) Steel slag, either electric arc furnace slag or basic oxygen slag, with a compacted bulk density between 1,60 Mg/m3 and 1,80 Mg/m3 when tested in accordance with BS 812-2.
a) for crushed rock/slag: fNR; and
b) for gravel: f1.
a) fines produced by crushing material from one of the groups specified in B.2.4.1.1;
b) sand; or
c) a mixture of a) and b).
51 a) for crushed rock/slag fNR;
b) for sand f10.
a) All reclaimed asphalt shall be classified in accordance with BS EN 13108-8.
b) The reclaimed asphalt shall conform to the following categories:
52 B.3 Mixture specifications
B.3.1 Binder content
B.3.2 Designed base mixtures
53 Table B.1 Aggregate grading target limits for 32 mm designed dense/HDM/HMB base mixtures AC 32 dense/HDM/HMB base XX/YY des
Table B.2 Binder grades for dense base and binder course mixtures
Table B.3 Minimum target binder content for designed dense base mixtures
54 Table B.4 Limiting wheel-tracking requirements for site classifications
B.3.3 Designed binder course mixtures
55 Table B.5 Aggregate grading target limits for 32 mm designed dense/HDM/HMB binder course mixtures AC 32 dense/HDM/HMB bin XX/YY des
Table B.6 Aggregate grading target limits for 20 mm designed dense/HDM/HMB binder course mixtures AC 20 dense/HDM/HMB bin XX/YY des
Table B.7 Minimum target binder content for designed binder course mixtures
56 B.3.4 EME2 mixtures
Table B.8 Aggregate grading target limits for 20 mm, 14 mm and 10 mm EME2 mixtures AC 20/14/10 EME2 base/bin XX/YY des
Table B.9 Minimum target binder content Bact
57 Table B.10 Number of gyrations
59 Table B.11 Target limits for composition for recipe dense base and binder course mixtures AC D dense/HDM base/bin XX/YY rec
60 Table B.12 Target limits for composition for open graded binder course mixtures AC D open bin XX/YY (grav)
B.3.5 Recipe surface courses
61 Table B.13 Target limits for composition for open graded surface course mixtures AC D open surf XX/YY
NOTE The specified binder content Bact is both minimum and maximum binder content for categorization purposes.
62 Table B.14 Target limits for composition for close graded surface course mixtures AC D close surf XX/YY
63 Table B.15 Guidance on selection of binder grades
Table B.16 Target limits for composition for dense, medium graded and fine graded surface course mixtures AC D dense/med/fine surf XX/YY
64 B.3.6 Temperature of the mixture
Table B.17 Maximum temperature of the mixture
65 Annex C (informative) BS EN 13108-4 Hot rolled asphalt – example specification
Figure C.1 Example specification for hot rolled asphalt
C.1 General
C.2 Constituent materials
C.2.1 Binder
C.2.2 Paving grades
66 C.2.3 Aggregates
a) Crushed rock of one or more of the following groups: basalt, gabbro, granite, gritstone, hornfels, limestone, porphyry or quartzite.
b) Gravel of one or more of the groups in a) or flint, crushed or uncrushed, or combinations of both types.
c) Blast furnace slag.
d) Steel slag, either electric arc furnace slag or basic oxygen slag, with a compacted bulk density between 1,60 Mg/m3 and 1,80 Mg/m3 when tested in accordance with BS 812-2.
a) sand;
b) fines produced by crushing material from one of the groups specified in C.2.3.1.1;
c) a mixture of a) and b).
a) for Type F surface course mixtures 0/2 mm GA90;
b) for Type C surface course mixtures 0/4 mm GA85.
a) for Type F surface course mixtures f10;
b) for Type C surface course mixtures f16;
c) for base and binder course mixtures f22.
67 a) all reclaimed asphalt shall be classified in accordance with BS EN 13108-8.
b) the reclaimed asphalt shall conform to the following categories:
C.2.4 Group 1 – Base and binder course mixtures
68 Table C.1 Limits for target composition for base and binder course mixtures
C.2.5 Group 2 – Surface course mixtures
70 Table C.2A Limits for target composition for surface course mixtures, Type F mixtures – Design and recipe target aggregate gradings HRA%/D F surf XX/YY des/rec
71 Table C.2B Limits for target composition for surface course mixtures, Type F recipe mixtures – binder content HRA%/D F surf XX/YY rec
72 Table C.2C Limits for target composition for surface course mixtures, Type C – Design mixtures HRA%/D C surf XX/YY des
73 Table C.3 Limiting wheel-tracking recommendations for site classifications
C.2.6 Temperature of the mixture
Table C.4 Maximum temperature of the mixture
74 C.2.7 Target binder content
C.2.8 Coated chippings for application to surface course
75 Table C.5 Compliance grading of chippings
76 Annex D (informative) BS EN 13108-5 Stone mastic asphalt – example specification
Figure D.1 Example specification for stone mastic asphalt
D.1 General
D.2 Constituent materials
D.2.1 Binder
D.2.2 Paving grades
a) Crushed rock or crushed gravel of one or more of the following groups: basalt, gabbro, granite, gritstone, hornfels, limestone, porphyry or quartzite.
b) Steel slag, either electric arc furnace slag or basic oxygen slag, with a compacted bulk density between 1,60 Mg/m3 and 1,80 Mg/m3 when tested in accordance with BS 812-2.
78 D.3 Composition
D.3.1 General
79 D.3.2 Grading and binder content
Table D.1 Limits for target composition for SMA mixtures
D.4 Void content
D.4.1 Surface course
D.4.2 Binder course
D.5 Binder drainage
80 D.6 Water sensitivity
D.7 Resistance to permanent deformation – binder and regulating course
Table D.2 Limiting wheel-tracking recommendations for site classifications
D.8 Temperature of the mixture
Table D.3 Maximum temperature of the mixture
81 Bibliography
83 [1] HIGHWAYS AGENCY Specification for Highway Works, London: The Stationery Office.
[2] BBA HAPAS Guidelines for the Assessment of Thin Surfacings.
[3] TRL Report 636 The application of Enrobé à Module Élevé in flexible pavements Crowthorne: Transport Research Laboratory.
[4] HIGHWAYS AGENCY Notes for Guidance on the Specification for Highway Works, London: The Stationery Office.
[5] NF-P98 251-1 Essais relatifs aux chaussées – Essais statiques sur mélanges hydrocarbonés – Partie 1: essai DURIEZ sur mélanges hydrocarbonés à chaud AFNOR.

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BSI PD 6691:2007
$165.47