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BS ISO/IEC 1539-1:2023:2024 Edition

BS ISO/IEC 1539-1:2023:2024 Edition

$165.47

Programming languages. Fortran – Base language

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BSI 2024 692
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PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
5 Contents
14 Foreword
15 Introduction
17 1 Scope
18 2 Normative references
19 3 Terms and definitions
46 4 Notation, conformance, and compatibility
4.1 Notation, symbols and abbreviated terms
4.1.1 Syntax rules
47 4.1.2 Constraints
4.1.3 Assumed syntax rules
4.1.4 Syntax conventions and characteristics
48 4.1.5 Text conventions
4.2 Conformance
49 4.3 Compatibility
4.3.1 Previous Fortran standards
4.3.2 New intrinsic procedures
4.3.3 Fortran 2018 compatibility
50 4.3.4 Fortran 2008 compatibility
51 4.3.5 Fortran 2003 compatibility
52 4.3.6 Fortran 95 compatibility
4.3.7 Fortran 90 compatibility
53 4.3.8 FORTRAN 77 compatibility
4.4 Deleted and obsolescent features
4.4.1 General
4.4.2 Nature of deleted features
54 4.4.3 Nature of obsolescent features
55 5 Fortran concepts
5.1 High level syntax
58 5.2 Program unit concepts
5.2.1 Program units and scoping units
5.2.2 Program
5.2.3 Procedure
59 5.2.4 Module
5.2.5 Submodule
5.3 Execution concepts
5.3.1 Statement classification
5.3.2 Statement order
60 5.3.3 The END statement
5.3.4 Program execution
61 5.3.5 Execution sequence
5.3.6 Image execution states
62 5.3.7 Termination of execution
5.4 Data concepts
5.4.1 Type
63 5.4.2 Data value
5.4.3 Data entity
64 5.4.4 Definition of objects and pointers
65 5.4.5 Reference
5.4.6 Array
5.4.7 Coarray
66 5.4.8 Established coarrays
5.4.9 Pointer
5.4.10 Allocatable variables
5.4.11 Storage
67 5.5 Fundamental concepts
5.5.1 Names and designators
5.5.2 Statement keyword
5.5.3 Other keywords
5.5.4 Association
5.5.5 Intrinsic
68 5.5.6 Operator
5.5.7 Companion processors
69 6 Lexical tokens and source form
6.1 Processor character set
6.1.1 Characters
6.1.2 Letters
6.1.3 Digits
6.1.4 Underscore
6.1.5 Special characters
70 6.1.6 Other characters
6.2 Low-level syntax
6.2.1 Tokens
6.2.2 Names
71 6.2.3 Constants
6.2.4 Operators
72 6.2.5 Statement labels
6.2.6 Delimiters
6.3 Source form
73 6.3.1 Program units, statements, and lines
6.3.2 Free source form
74 6.3.3 Fixed source form
75 6.4 Including source text
77 7 Types
7.1 Characteristics of types
7.1.1 The concept of type
7.1.2 Type classification
7.1.3 Set of values
7.1.4 Constants
7.1.5 Operations
78 7.2 Type parameters
7.3 Types, type specifiers, and values
79 7.3.1 Relationship of types and values to objects
7.3.2 Type specifiers
81 7.3.3 Type compatibility
7.4 Intrinsic types
82 7.4.1 Classification and specification
7.4.2 Intrinsic operations on intrinsic types
7.4.3 Numeric intrinsic types
85 7.4.4 Character type
89 7.4.5 Logical type
7.5 Derived types
7.5.1 Derived type concepts
90 7.5.2 Derived-type definition
93 7.5.3 Derived-type parameters
95 7.5.4 Components
101 7.5.5 Type-bound procedures
104 7.5.6 Final subroutines
105 7.5.7 Type extension
108 7.5.8 Derived-type values
7.5.9 Derived-type specifier
7.5.10 Construction of derived-type values
111 7.5.11 Derived-type operations and assignment
7.6 Other nonintrinsic types
7.6.1 Interoperable enumerations and enum types
113 7.6.2 Enumeration types
115 7.7 Binary, octal, and hexadecimal literal constants
116 7.8 Construction of array values
119 8 Attribute declarations and specifications
8.1 Attributes of procedures and data objects
8.2 Type declaration statement
121 8.3 Automatic data objects
8.4 Initialization
8.5 Attributes
8.5.1 Attribute specification
122 8.5.2 Accessibility attribute
8.5.3 ALLOCATABLE attribute
8.5.4 ASYNCHRONOUS attribute
123 8.5.5 BIND attribute for data entities
8.5.6 CODIMENSION attribute
125 8.5.7 CONTIGUOUS attribute
126 8.5.8 DIMENSION attribute
130 8.5.9 EXTERNAL attribute
8.5.10 INTENT attribute
132 8.5.11 INTRINSIC attribute
8.5.12 OPTIONAL attribute
8.5.13 PARAMETER attribute
133 8.5.14 POINTER attribute
8.5.15 PROTECTED attribute
134 8.5.16 SAVE attribute
8.5.17 RANK clause
135 8.5.18 TARGET attribute
8.5.19 VALUE attribute
8.5.20 VOLATILE attribute
136 8.6 Attribute specification statements
8.6.1 Accessibility statement
137 8.6.2 ALLOCATABLE statement
8.6.3 ASYNCHRONOUS statement
8.6.4 BIND statement
138 8.6.5 CODIMENSION statement
8.6.6 CONTIGUOUS statement
8.6.7 DATA statement
140 8.6.8 DIMENSION statement
141 8.6.9 INTENT statement
8.6.10 OPTIONAL statement
8.6.11 PARAMETER statement
8.6.12 POINTER statement
142 8.6.13 PROTECTED statement
8.6.14 SAVE statement
8.6.15 TARGET statement
8.6.16 VALUE statement
143 8.6.17 VOLATILE statement
8.7 IMPLICIT statement
145 8.8 IMPORT statement
147 8.9 NAMELIST statement
148 8.10 Storage association of data objects
8.10.1 EQUIVALENCE statement
150 8.10.2 COMMON statement
151 8.10.3 Restrictions on common and equivalence
152 9 Use of data objects
9.1 Designator
9.2 Variable
153 9.3 Constants
9.4 Scalars
9.4.1 Substrings
9.4.2 Structure components
155 9.4.3 Coindexed named objects
9.4.4 Complex parts
9.4.5 Type parameter inquiry
156 9.5 Arrays
9.5.1 Order of reference
9.5.2 Whole arrays
9.5.3 Array elements and array sections
160 9.5.4 Simply contiguous array designators
9.6 Image selectors
161 9.7 Dynamic association
162 9.7.1 ALLOCATE statement
166 9.7.2 NULLIFY statement
9.7.3 DEALLOCATE statement
168 9.7.4 STAT= specifier
169 9.7.5 ERRMSG= specifier
170 10 Expressions and assignment
10.1 Expressions
10.1.1 Expression semantics
10.1.2 Form of an expression
174 10.1.3 Precedence of operators
176 10.1.4 Evaluation of operations
177 10.1.5 Intrinsic operations
183 10.1.6 Defined operations
184 10.1.7 Evaluation of operands
185 10.1.8 Integrity of parentheses
10.1.9 Type, type parameters, and shape of an expression
187 10.1.10 Conformability rules for elemental operations
10.1.11 Specification expression
189 10.1.12 Constant expression
190 10.2 Assignment
10.2.1 Assignment statement
195 10.2.2 Pointer assignment
199 10.2.3 Masked array assignment – WHERE
202 10.2.4 FORALL
205 11 Execution control
11.1 Executable constructs containing blocks
11.1.1 Blocks
11.1.2 Rules governing blocks
206 11.1.3 ASSOCIATE construct
207 11.1.4 BLOCK construct
209 11.1.5 CHANGE TEAM construct
211 11.1.6 CRITICAL construct
212 11.1.7 DO construct
220 11.1.8 IF construct and statement
221 11.1.9 SELECT CASE construct
224 11.1.10 SELECT RANK construct
226 11.1.11 SELECT TYPE construct
229 11.1.12 EXIT statement
11.2 Branching
11.2.1 Branch concepts
11.2.2 GO TO statement
230 11.2.3 Computed GO TO statement
11.3 CONTINUE statement
11.4 STOP and ERROR STOP statements
231 11.5 FAIL IMAGE statement
11.6 NOTIFY WAIT statement
232 11.7 Image execution control
11.7.1 Image control statements
11.7.2 Segments
234 11.7.3 SYNC ALL statement
235 11.7.4 SYNC IMAGES statement
236 11.7.5 SYNC MEMORY statement
237 11.7.6 SYNC TEAM statement
238 11.7.7 EVENT POST statement
11.7.8 EVENT WAIT statement
11.7.9 FORM TEAM statement
239 11.7.10 LOCK and UNLOCK statements
241 11.7.11 STAT= and ERRMSG= specifiers in image control statements
244 12 Input/output statements
12.1 Input/output concepts
12.2 Records
12.2.1 Definition of a record
12.2.2 Formatted record
12.2.3 Unformatted record
245 12.2.4 Endfile record
12.3 External files
12.3.1 External file concepts
12.3.2 File existence
246 12.3.3 File access
248 12.3.4 File position
249 12.3.5 File storage units
250 12.4 Internal files
12.5 File connection
12.5.1 Referring to a file
251 12.5.2 Connection modes
252 12.5.3 Unit existence
12.5.4 Connection of a file to a unit
253 12.5.5 Preconnection
12.5.6 OPEN statement
257 12.5.7 CLOSE statement
258 12.6 Data transfer statements
259 12.6.1 Form of input and output statements
12.6.2 Control information list
264 12.6.3 Data transfer input/output list
266 12.6.4 Execution of a data transfer input/output statement
276 12.6.5 Termination of data transfer statements
277 12.7 Waiting on pending data transfer
12.7.1 Wait operation
12.7.2 WAIT statement
278 12.8 File positioning statements
12.8.1 Syntax
279 12.8.2 BACKSPACE statement
12.8.3 ENDFILE statement
12.8.4 REWIND statement
280 12.9 FLUSH statement
12.10 File inquiry statement
12.10.1 Forms of the INQUIRE statement
281 12.10.2 Inquiry specifiers
287 12.10.3 Inquire by output list
12.11 Error, end-of-record, and end-of-file conditions
12.11.1 Occurrence of input/output conditions
288 12.11.2 Error conditions and the ERR= specifier
12.11.3 End-of-file condition and the END= specifier
289 12.11.4 End-of-record condition and the EOR= specifier
12.11.5 IOSTAT= specifier
290 12.11.6 IOMSG= specifier
12.12 Restrictions on input/output statements
291 13 Input/output editing
13.1 Format specifications
13.2 Explicit format specification methods
13.2.1 FORMAT statement
13.2.2 Character format specification
292 13.3 Form of a format item list
13.3.1 Syntax
13.3.2 Edit descriptors
294 13.3.3 Fields
13.4 Interaction between input/output list and format
295 13.5 Positioning by format control
296 13.6 Decimal symbol
13.7 Data edit descriptors
13.7.1 Purpose of data edit descriptors
297 13.7.2 Numeric editing
304 13.7.3 Logical editing
13.7.4 Character editing
305 13.7.5 Generalized editing
306 13.7.6 User-defined derived-type editing
13.8 Control edit descriptors
13.8.1 Position edit descriptors
307 13.8.2 Slash editing
308 13.8.3 Colon editing
13.8.4 SS, SP, and S editing
13.8.5 LZS, LZP and LZ editing
13.8.6 P editing
309 13.8.7 BN and BZ editing
13.8.8 RU, RD, RZ, RN, RC, and RP editing
13.8.9 DC and DP editing
13.9 Character string edit descriptors
13.10 List-directed formatting
310 13.10.1 Purpose of list-directed formatting
13.10.2 Values and value separators
13.10.3 List-directed input
312 13.10.4 List-directed output
313 13.11 Namelist formatting
314 13.11.1 Purpose of namelist formatting
13.11.2 Name-value subsequences
13.11.3 Namelist input
317 13.11.4 Namelist output
319 14 Program units
14.1 Main program
14.2 Modules
14.2.1 Module syntax and semantics
320 14.2.2 The USE statement and use association
323 14.2.3 Submodules
14.3 Block data program units
325 15 Procedures
15.1 Concepts
15.2 Procedure classifications
15.2.1 Procedure classification by reference
15.2.2 Procedure classification by means of definition
326 15.3 Characteristics
15.3.1 Characteristics of procedures
15.3.2 Characteristics of dummy arguments
15.3.3 Characteristics of function results
327 15.4 Procedure interface
15.4.1 Interface and abstract interface
15.4.2 Implicit and explicit interfaces
328 15.4.3 Specification of the procedure interface
337 15.5 Procedure reference
15.5.1 Syntax of a procedure reference
339 15.5.2 Actual arguments, dummy arguments, and argument association
351 15.5.3 Function reference
15.5.4 Subroutine reference
352 15.5.5 Resolving named procedure references
354 15.5.6 Resolving type-bound procedure references
15.6 Procedure definition
15.6.1 Intrinsic procedure definition
15.6.2 Procedures defined by subprograms
360 15.6.3 Definition and invocation of procedures by means other than Fortran
15.6.4 Statement function
361 15.7 Pure procedures
363 15.8 Simple procedures
364 15.9 Elemental procedures
15.9.1 Elemental procedure declaration and interface
15.9.2 Elemental function actual arguments and results
365 15.9.3 Elemental subroutine actual arguments
366 16 Intrinsic procedures and modules
16.1 Classes of intrinsic procedures
16.2 Arguments to intrinsic procedures
16.2.1 General rules
367 16.2.2 The shape of array arguments
16.2.3 Mask arguments
16.2.4 DIM arguments and reduction functions
16.3 Bit model
16.3.1 General
368 16.3.2 Bit sequence comparisons
16.3.3 Bit sequences as arguments to INT and REAL
16.4 Numeric models
369 16.5 Atomic subroutines
370 16.6 Collective subroutines
371 16.7 Standard generic intrinsic procedures
376 16.8 Specific names for standard intrinsic functions
378 16.9 Specifications of the standard intrinsic procedures
16.9.1 General
473 16.10 Standard intrinsic modules
16.10.1 General
474 16.10.2 The ISO_FORTRAN_ENV intrinsic module
481 17 Exceptions and IEEE arithmetic
17.1 Overview of IEEE arithmetic support
482 17.2 Derived types, constants, and operators defined in the modules
17.3 The exceptions
485 17.4 The rounding modes
17.5 Underflow mode
486 17.6 Halting
17.7 The floating-point modes and status
17.8 Exceptional values
17.9 IEEE arithmetic
487 17.10 Summary of the procedures
489 17.11 Specifications of the procedures
17.11.1 General
515 17.12 Examples
518 18 Interoperability with C
18.1 General
18.2 The ISO_C_BINDING intrinsic module
18.2.1 Summary of contents
18.2.2 Named constants and derived types in the module
519 18.2.3 Procedures in the module
526 18.3 Interoperability between Fortran and C entities
527 18.3.1 Interoperability of intrinsic types
528 18.3.2 Interoperability with C pointer types
18.3.3 Interoperability of enum types
18.3.4 Interoperability of derived types and C structure types
529 18.3.5 Interoperability of scalar variables
18.3.6 Interoperability of array variables
530 18.3.7 Interoperability of procedures and procedure interfaces
533 18.4 C descriptors
18.5 The source file ISO_Fortran_binding.h
18.5.1 Summary of contents
18.5.2 The CFI_dim_t structure type
534 18.5.3 The CFI_cdesc_t structure type
535 18.5.4 Macros and typedefs in ISO_Fortran_binding.h
537 18.5.5 Functions declared in ISO_Fortran_binding.h
545 18.6 Restrictions on C descriptors
18.7 Restrictions on formal parameters
18.8 Restrictions on lifetimes
546 18.9 Interoperation with C global variables
18.9.1 General
547 18.9.2 Binding labels for common blocks and variables
18.10 Interoperation with C functions
18.10.1 Definition and reference of interoperable procedures
548 18.10.2 Binding labels for procedures
18.10.3 Exceptions and IEEE arithmetic procedures
549 18.10.4 Asynchronous communication
550 19 Scope, association, and definition
19.1 Scopes, identifiers, and entities
19.2 Global identifiers
551 19.3 Local identifiers
19.3.1 Classes of local identifiers
552 19.3.2 Local identifiers that are the same as common block names
19.3.3 Function results
19.3.4 Components, type parameters, and bindings
19.3.5 Argument keywords
553 19.4 Statement and construct entities
554 19.5 Association
19.5.1 Name association
558 19.5.2 Pointer association
560 19.5.3 Storage association
563 19.5.4 Inheritance association
19.5.5 Establishing associations
19.6 Definition and undefinition of variables
564 19.6.1 Definition of objects and subobjects
19.6.2 Variables that are always defined
19.6.3 Variables that are initially defined
565 19.6.4 Variables that are initially undefined
19.6.5 Events that cause variables to become defined
567 19.6.6 Events that cause variables to become undefined
569 19.6.7 Variable definition context
570 19.6.8 Pointer association context
571 Annex A (informative) Processor dependencies
A.1 Unspecified items
A.2 Processor dependencies
578 Annex B (informative) Deleted and obsolescent features
B.1 Deleted features from Fortran 90
B.2 Deleted features from Fortran 2008
579 B.3 Obsolescent features
B.3.1 General
B.3.2 Alternate return
580 B.3.3 Computed GO TO statement
B.3.4 Statement functions
B.3.5 DATA statements among executables
B.3.6 Assumed character length functions
B.3.7 Fixed form source
581 B.3.8 CHARACTER* form of CHARACTER declaration
B.3.9 ENTRY statements
B.3.10 Label DO statement
B.3.11 COMMON and EQUIVALENCE statements and the block data program unit
B.3.12 Specific names for intrinsic functions
B.3.13 FORALL construct and statement
582 Annex C (informative) Extended notes
C.1 Features that were new in Fortran 2018
585 C.2 Fortran 2008 features not mentioned in its Introduction
C.3 Clause 7 notes
C.3.1 Selection of the approximation methods (7.4.3.2)
586 C.3.2 Type extension and component accessibility (7.5.2.2, 7.5.4)
587 C.3.3 Generic type-bound procedures (7.5.5)
588 C.3.4 Abstract types (7.5.7.1)
589 C.3.5 Structure constructors and generic names (7.5.10)
590 C.3.6 Final subroutines (7.5.6, 7.5.6.2, 7.5.6.3, 7.5.6.4)
592 C.4 Clause 8 notes: The VOLATILE attribute (8.5.20)
593 C.5 Clause 9 notes
C.5.1 Structure components (9.4.2)
594 C.5.2 Allocation with dynamic type (9.7.1)
595 C.6 Clause 10 notes
C.6.1 Evaluation of function references (10.1.7)
C.6.2 Pointers in expressions (10.1.9.2)
C.6.3 Pointers in variable definition contexts (10.2.1.3, 19.6.7)
C.7 Clause 11 notes
C.7.1 The SELECT CASE construct (11.1.9)
596 C.7.2 Loop control (11.1.7)
C.7.3 Examples of DO constructs (11.1.7)
597 C.7.4 Examples of invalid DO constructs (11.1.7)
598 C.7.5 Simple example using events
599 C.7.6 Example using three teams
C.7.7 Accessing coarrays in sibling teams
600 C.7.8 Example involving failed images
602 C.7.9 EVENT_QUERY example that tolerates image failure
604 C.8 Clause 12 notes
C.8.1 External files (12.3)
605 C.8.2 Nonadvancing input/output (12.3.4.2)
607 C.8.3 OPEN statement (12.5.6)
608 C.8.4 Connection properties (12.5.4)
609 C.8.5 Asynchronous input/output (12.6.2.5)
610 C.9 Clause 13 notes
C.9.1 Number of records (13.4, 13.5, 13.8.2)
C.9.2 List-directed input (13.10.3)
611 C.10 Clause 14 notes
C.10.1 Main program and block data program unit (14.1, 14.3)
612 C.10.2 Dependent compilation (14.2)
613 C.10.3 Examples of the use of modules (14.2.1)
620 C.10.4 Modules with submodules (14.2.3)
624 C.11 Clause 15 notes
C.11.1 Portability problems with external procedures (15.4.3.5)
C.11.2 Procedures defined by means other than Fortran (15.6.3)
C.11.3 Abstract interfaces and procedure pointer components (15.4, 7.5)
626 C.11.4 Pointers and targets as arguments (15.5.2.5, 15.5.2.7, 15.5.2.8)
628 C.11.5 Polymorphic Argument Association (15.5.2.10)
629 C.11.6 Rules ensuring unambiguous generics (15.4.3.4.5)
633 C.12 Clause 16 notes
C.12.1 Atomic memory consistency
636 C.12.2 EVENT_QUERY example
637 C.12.3 Collective subroutine examples
638 C.13 Clause 18 notes
C.13.1 Runtime environments (18.1)
C.13.2 Example of Fortran calling C (18.3)
639 C.13.3 Example of C calling Fortran (18.3)
641 C.13.4 Example of calling C functions with noninteroperable data (18.10)
C.13.5 Example of opaque communication between C and Fortran (18.3)
643 C.13.6 Using assumed type to interoperate with C
645 C.13.7 Using assumed-type variables in Fortran
646 C.13.8 Simplifying interfaces for arbitrary rank procedures
647 C.13.9 Processing assumed-rank in C
648 C.13.10 Creating a contiguous copy of an array
649 C.13.11 Changing the attributes of an array
650 C.13.12 Creating an array section in C using CFI_section
653 C.13.13 Use of CFI_setpointer
654 C.13.14 Mapping of MPI interfaces to Fortran
655 C.14 Clause 19 notes
C.14.1 Examples of global identifiers and binding labels (19.2)
656 C.14.2 Examples of host association (19.5.1.4)
659 Index

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