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BS ISO 12135:2021:2022 Edition

BS ISO 12135:2021:2022 Edition

$215.11

Metallic materials. Unified method of test for the determination of quasistatic fracture toughness

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2022 110
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This document specifies methods for determining fracture toughness in terms of K, ?, J and R-curves for homogeneous metallic materials subjected to quasistatic loading. Specimens are notched, precracked by fatigue and tested under slowly increasing displacement. The fracture toughness is determined for individual specimens at or after the onset of ductile crack extension or at the onset of ductile crack instability or unstable crack extension. In cases where cracks grow in a stable manner under ductile tearing conditions, a resistance curve describing fracture toughness as a function of crack extension is measured. In some cases in the testing of ferritic materials, unstable crack extension can occur by cleavage or ductile crack initiation and growth, interrupted by cleavage extension. The fracture toughness at crack arrest is not covered by this document. Special testing requirements and analysis procedures are necessary when testing weldments, and these are described in ISO 15653 which is complementary to this document.

Statistical variability of the results strongly depends on the fracture type, for instance, fracture toughness associated with cleavage fracture in ferritic steels can show large variation. For applications that require high reliability, a statistical approach can be used to quantify the variability in fracture toughness in the ductile-to-brittle transition region, such as that given in ASTM E1921 . However, it is not the purpose of this document to specify the number of tests to be carried out nor how the results of the tests are to be applied or interpreted.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 National foreword
10 Foreword
13 1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
14 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
17 5 General requirements
5.1 General
19 5.2 Fracture parameters
20 5.3 Fracture toughness symbols
5.4 Test specimens
5.4.1 Specimen configuration and size
24 5.4.2 Specimen preparation
30 5.5 Pre-test requirements
5.5.1 Pre-test measurements
5.5.2 Crack shape/length requirements
5.6 Test apparatus
5.6.1 Calibration
31 5.6.2 Force application
5.6.3 Displacement measurement
5.6.4 Test fixtures
35 5.7 Test requirements
5.7.1 Three-point bend testing
5.7.2 Compact tension testing
5.7.3 Specimen test temperature
36 5.7.4 Recording
5.7.5 Testing rates
5.7.6 Test analyses
5.8 Post-test crack measurements
5.8.1 General
5.8.2 Initial crack length, a0
40 5.8.3 Stable crack extension, Δa
5.8.4 Unstable crack extension
41 6 Determination of fracture toughness for stable and unstable crack extension
6.1 General
42 6.2 Determination of plane strain fracture toughness, Klc
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Interpretation of the test record for FQ
43 6.2.3 Calculation of KQ
44 6.2.4 Qualification of KQ as Klc
6.3 Determination of fracture toughness in terms of δ
6.3.1 Determination of Fc and Vc, Fu and Vu, or Fuc and Vuc
45 6.3.2 Determination of Fm and Vm
6.3.3 Determination of Vp
46 6.3.4 Calculation of δ0
47 6.3.5 Qualification of δ0 fracture toughness value
48 6.4 Determination of fracture toughness in terms of J
6.4.1 Determination of Fc and Vc or qc, Fu and Vu or qu, or Fuc and Vuc or quc
6.4.2 Determination of Fm and qm
6.4.3 Determination of Up
49 6.4.4 Calculation of J0
50 6.4.5 Qualification of J0 fracture toughness value
7 Determination of resistance curves δ-Δa and J-Δa and initiation toughness δ0,2BL and J0,2BL and δi and Ji for stable crack extension
7.1 General
51 7.2 Test procedure
7.2.1 General
7.2.2 Multiple-specimen procedure
7.2.3 Single-specimen procedure
7.2.4 Final crack front straightness
7.3 Calculation of J and δ
7.3.1 Calculation of J
52 7.3.2 Calculation of δ
53 7.4 R-curve plot
7.4.1 Plot construction
54 7.4.2 Data spacing and curve fitting
55 7.5 Qualification of resistance curves
7.5.1 Qualification of J-Δa resistance curves
7.5.2 Qualification of δ−Δa resistance curves
56 7.6 Determination and qualification of J0,2BL and δ0,2BL
7.6.1 Determination of J0,2BL
57 7.6.2 Determination of δ0,2BL
58 7.7 Determination of initiation toughness Ji and δi by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
8 Test report
8.1 Organization
59 8.2 Specimen, material and test environment
8.2.1 Specimen description
8.2.2 Specimen dimensions
8.2.3 Material description
8.2.4 Additional dimensions
8.2.5 Test environment
8.2.6 Fatigue precracking conditions
60 8.3 Test data qualification
8.3.1 Limitations
8.3.2 Crack length measurements
8.3.3 Fracture surface appearance
8.3.4 Pop-in
8.3.5 Resistance curves
8.3.6 Checklist for data qualification
61 8.4 Qualification of Klc
8.5 Qualification of δc(B), δu(B), δuc(B) or δm(B)
62 8.6 Qualification of Jc(B), Ju(B), Juc(B) or Jm(B)
8.7 Qualification of the δ-R Curve
8.8 Qualification of the J-R Curve
8.9 Qualification of δ0,2BL(B) as δ0,2BL
8.10 Qualification of J0,2BL(B) as J0,2BL
64 Annex A (informative) Determination of δi and Ji
69 Annex B (normative) Crack plane orientation
71 Annex C (informative) Example test reports
80 Annex D (informative) Stress intensity factor coefficients and compliance relationships
84 Annex E (informative) Measurement of load-line displacement q in the three‑point bend test
89 Annex F (informative) Derivation of pop-in formulae
91 Annex G (informative) Analytical methods for the determination of Vp and Up
92 Annex H (informative) Guidelines for single-specimen methods
106 Annex I (normative) Power-law fits to crack extension data (see Reference [42])
107 Bibliography

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BS ISO 12135:2021
$215.11