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BS IEC 61540:2023

$215.11

Portable residual current devices (PRCDs) without integral overcurrent protection for household and similar use

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2023 146
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PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
4 English
CONTENTS
12 FOREWORD
14 INTRODUCTION
15 1 Scope
16 2 Normative references
17 3 Terms and definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms
3.1 Definitions relating to plugs and socket-outlets
18 3.2 Definitions relating to residual current devices (RCDs)
3.2.1 Definitions relating to currents flowing from live parts to earth
19 3.2.2 Definitions relating to the energization of a residual current device (RCD)
3.2.3 Definitions relating to the operation and to the functions of a residual current device
20 3.2.4 Definitions relating to values and ranges of energizing quantities
4 Classification
4.1 According to the type of connection
4.1.1 PRCD intermediate adaptor
21 4.1.2 Non-rewireable residual current-protected cord extension sets
4.1.3 Residual current-protected plugs
4.1.4 In-line PRCDs
4.2 According to the type of terminals
4.3 According to behaviour after opening automatically in case of failure of the line voltage
4.4 According to their operating characteristics and behaviour in presence of DC components
22 4.5 According to the ambient air temperature
4.5.1 For use between −5 °C and +40 °C
4.5.2 For use between −25 °C and +40 °C
4.6 Classification according to the protective conductor path
4.6.1 PRCDs with switched protective conductor
4.6.2 PRCDs with non-switched protective conductor
4.7 According to the supply
4.7.1 PRCDs supplied from one phase and neutral (LNSE or LNE)
4.7.2 PRCDs supplied from two phases (LLSE or LLE)
4.8 According an additional function of detecting faults on the supply side
4.8.1 PRCDs not providing an additional function of detecting faults on the supply side
4.8.2 PRCDs providing an additional function of detecting faults on the supply side with a defined behaviour in case of supply failures or miswiring (PRCD-S)
5 Characteristics of PRCDs
5.1 Summary of characteristics
23 5.2 Rated quantities and other characteristics
5.2.1 Rated voltage
5.2.2 Rated current (In)
5.2.3 Rated residual operating current (IΔn)
5.2.4 Rated residual non-operating current (IΔno)
5.2.5 Rated frequency
24 5.2.6 Rated making and breaking capacity (Im)
5.2.7 Rated residual making and breaking capacity (IΔm)
5.2.8 Operating characteristics in case of residual currents comprising a DC component
5.3 Standard and preferred values
5.3.1 Preferred values of rated operational voltage (Ue)
5.3.2 Standard values of rated current (In)
25 5.3.3 Standard values of rated residual operating current (IΔn)
5.3.4 Standard value of residual non-operating current (IΔno)
5.3.5 Standard minimum value of the non-operating overcurrent through the PRCD
5.3.6 Preferred values of rated frequency
5.3.7 Minimum value of the rated making and breaking capacity (Im)
5.3.8 Minimum value of the rated residual making and breaking capacity (IΔm)
Tables
Table 1 – Standard values of rated current and correspondingpreferred values of rated operational voltages
26 5.3.9 Standard value of the rated conditional short-circuit current (Inc)
5.3.10 Standard value of the rated conditional residual short-circuit current (IΔc)
5.3.11 Standard values of maximum break time
5.4 Coordination with short-circuit protective devices (SCPDs)
5.4.1 General
5.4.2 Rated conditional short-circuit current (Inc)
5.4.3 Rated conditional residual short-circuit current (IΔc)
6 Marking and other product information
6.1 Information and marking for PRCDs
Table 2 – Standard values of maximum break time for AC residual currents
27 Table 3 – Marking or information item
29 6.2 Information to be provided in an instruction sheet
7 Standard conditions for operation in service and for installation
7.1 Standard conditions
Table 4 – Standard conditions for operation in service
30 7.2 Conditions for installations
7.3 Pollution degree
8 Requirements for construction and operation
8.1 Mechanical design
8.1.1 General
31 8.1.2 Plug part, socket-outlet parts and RCD part(s)
35 Table 5 – Minimum cross-sectional area of flexible cable or cord suitable fornon-rewireable plugs and non-rewireable socket-outlets of PRCDs
36 8.1.3 Mechanism
37 8.1.4 Clearances and creepage distances (see Annex C)
38 Table 6 – Clearances and creepage distances
39 8.1.5 Screws, current-carrying parts and connections
8.1.6 Terminals for external conductors for rewireable PRCDs
40 Table 7 – Connectable cross-sections of copper conductorsfor screw-type terminals
41 8.1.7 Terminations for non-rewireable PRCDs
8.1.8 Current-carrying parts
42 8.2 Protection against electric shock
8.2.1 General
8.2.2 Requirements relating to plugs and socket-outlets, whether incorporatedor not in integral items
43 Table 8 – Degree of protection of PRCD parts
44 8.3 Dielectric properties
8.4 Temperature rise
8.4.1 Temperature rise limits
8.4.2 Ambient air temperature
8.5 Operating characteristic
8.6 Mechanical and electrical endurance
Table 9 – Temperature-rise values
45 8.7 Performance at short-circuit currents
8.8 Resistance to mechanical shock and impact
8.9 Resistance to heat
8.10 Resistance to abnormal heat and to fire
8.11 Test device
8.11.1 General
8.11.2 Test function
46 8.12 Behaviour of PRCDs in case of failure of line voltage
8.13 Behaviour of PRCDs in case of overcurrent in the main circuit
8.14 Resistance of PRCDs against unwanted tripping due to surge currents to earth resulting from impulse voltages
8.15 Behaviour of PRCDs in case of an earth fault current comprising a DC component
8.16 Reliability
8.17 Resistance to tracking
8.18 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
47 8.19 Standing current in the protective conductor
8.20 Electrical performance
8.20.1 Protective conductor path
8.20.2 Contact mechanism
48 8.20.3 Operation with supply failure and hazardous live protective conductor conditions
8.20.4 Behaviour of PRCDs in case of external fault current in the protective conductor
9 Test
9.1 General
9.1.1 Characteristics of PRCDs checked by means of type tests
49 9.1.2 For certification purposes, type tests to be carried out in test sequences
Table 10 – List of type tests
50 9.1.3 Routine tests
9.2 Test conditions
9.3 Test of indelibility of marking
Table 11 – Cross-sectional area for test conductors
51 9.4 Test of reliability of screws, current-carrying parts and connections
Table 12 – Screw thread diameters and applied torques
52 9.5 Test of reliability of terminals for external conductors
53 9.6 Verification of protection against electric shock
9.6.1 Test with conductors of the smallest and largest cross-sections
Table 13 – Conductor composition
54 9.6.2 Test with plug completely withdrawn
9.6.3 Test with engagement surface in horizontal position
9.6.4 Verification of the resistance between the earthing terminal and the accessible metal part
9.6.5 Verification of the isolation between the earthing terminal and the accessible metal part
9.6.6 Stray wire test for rewireable PRCDs
55 9.6.7 Stray wire verification for non-rewireable PRCDs
9.6.8 Verification of high electrical resistance of the conductive operating means
9.7 Test of dielectric properties
9.7.1 Resistance to humidity
56 9.7.2 Insulation resistance of the main circuit
9.7.3 Dielectric strength of the main circuit
57 9.7.4 Secondary circuit of detection transformers
9.7.5 Verification of impulse withstand voltages
59 Table 14 – Test voltage for verification of impulse withstand voltage
60 9.8 Temperature-rise test
9.8.1 Test conditions
9.8.2 Ambient air temperature
61 9.8.3 Test procedure
9.8.4 Measurement of the temperature-rise of different parts
9.8.5 Temperature-rise of a part
9.9 Verification of the operating characteristic
9.9.1 Test circuit
9.9.2 Off-load tests with residual sinusoidal alternating currents at the referencetemperature of (20 ± 2) °C
62 9.9.3 Verification of the correct operation with load at the reference temperature
63 9.9.4 Tests at the temperature limits
9.9.5 Additional tests for PRCDs classified according to 4.8.2
64 Table 15 – Supply failure and hazardous live protective conductor (PE) connections for test with reference to correct supply connections for LNSE and LLSE types
66 9.9.6 Verification of protective conductor contact behaviour
9.9.7 Verification of behaviour in case of external fault current in the protective conductor
67 9.9.8 Verification of standing current in the protective conductor
9.10 Verification of mechanical and electrical endurance
9.10.1 Normal operation of socket-outlets and plugs of the PRCD
68 9.10.2 Test of the RCD part of the PRCD
69 9.11 Verification of the behaviour of the PRCD under overcurrent conditions
9.11.1 List of the overcurrent tests
9.11.2 Short-circuit tests
Table 16 – Tests to verify the behaviour of PRCDs underovercurrent conditions
74 9.11.3 Verification of the making and breaking capacity of the plug and socket-outlet(s) of the PRCD, separate or incorporated in integral items
9.12 Verification of resistance to mechanical shock and impact
9.12.1 General
75 Table 17 – List of tests of resistance to mechanical shock and impact
76 Table 18 – Torque applied to the spanner for the test of 9.12.3
77 9.13 Test of resistance to heat
78 9.14 Resistance of insulating material to abnormal heat and to fire
9.14.1 General
9.14.2 Glow-wire test
79 9.15 Verification of the trip-free mechanism
9.15.1 General test conditions
9.15.2 Test procedure
9.16 Verification of the test device
9.16.1 Verification of the operation of the test device to disconnect the load
9.16.2 Verification of the ampere-turns
9.17 Verification of the behaviour of PRCDs in case of failure of the line voltage
9.17.1 Determination of the limiting value of the line voltage (Ux)
80 9.17.2 Verification of the behaviour in case of failure of the line voltage
81 9.17.3 Verification of the re-closing of PRCDs classified according to 4.3.2 at restoration of the line voltage after automatic opening on failure of the line voltage
9.18 Verification of limiting values of the non-operating current under overcurrent conditions
9.19 Verification of resistance against unwanted tripping due to surge currents to earth resulting from impulse voltages for PRCDs of IΔn ≥ 0,010 A
9.20 Verification of the correct operation with residual currents having a DC component for PRCDs according to 4.4.2
9.20.1 General
9.20.2 Verification of the correct operation in case of a continuous rise of a residual pulsating direct current
82 9.20.3 Verification of the correct operation in case of suddenly appearing residual pulsating direct currents
9.20.4 Verification at the reference temperature of the correct operation with load
9.20.5 Verification of the correct operation in case of residual pulsating direct currents superimposed by a smooth direct current of 0,006 A
Table 19 – Tripping current ranges for PRCDs in case ofpulsating DC current
83 9.21 Verification of reliability
9.21.1 Climatic test
84 9.21.2 Test with temperature of 40 °C
85 9.22 Verification of ageing
86 9.23 Resistance to tracking
9.24 Test on pins provided with insulating sleeves
9.25 Test of mechanical strength of non-solid pins of plugs and portable socket-outlets
9.26 Verification of the effects of strain on the conductors
87 9.27 Checking of the torque exerted by plug-in PRCDs on fixed socket-outlets
9.28 Tests of the cord anchorage
Table 20 – Make-up of cables suitable for the retention test of rewireable PRCDs
88 9.29 Flexing test of non-rewireable PRCDs
89 9.30 Verification of the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
9.31 Tests replacing verifications of creepage distances and clearances forelectronic circuits connected between live conductors (phases and neutral)and/or between live conductors and the earth circuit when the contacts are in the closed position
9.31.1 PRCDs shall not create fire and/or shock hazards under abnormal conditions likely to occur in service.
9.31.2 When PRCDs are exposed to abnormal conditions, no part shall reach temperatures likely to cause danger of fire to the surroundings of the PRCDs and no live parts shall become accessible.
90 9.31.3 Unless otherwise specified, the tests are made on PRCDs while they are mounted, connected and loaded as specified in 9.8.
91 Table 21 – Maximum permissible temperatures under abnormal conditions
92 9.32 Requirements for capacitors and specific resistors and inductors used in electronic circuits connected between live conductors (phases and neutral) and/or between live conductors and the earth circuit when the contacts are in the closed position
9.32.1 Capacitors
9.32.2 Resistors and inductors
9.33 Verification of the behaviour of the PRCD under temporary over voltage (TOV) conditions
9.33.1 General
9.33.2 Test for all PRCDs
93 9.33.3 Verification after the tests
94 Figures
Figure 1 – Examples of types of connection classified according to 4.1
95 Figure 2 – Standard test wire 1,0 mm
96 Figure 3 – Gauge for checking non-accessibility of live parts through shutters andof live parts of socket-outlets with increased protection
97 Figure 4 – Test circuit for the verification of the correct operation of PRCDs,in the case of residual pulsating direct currents
98 Figure 5 – Test circuit for the verification of the correct operation of PRCDs, in the case of residual pulsating direct currents superimposed by a smooth direct current
99 Figure 6 – Verification of behaviour in case of external faultcurrent in the protective conductor
100 Figure 7 – Test circuit for the verification of the rated making andbreaking capacity and of the coordination
101 Figure 8 – Tumbling barrel
Figure 9 – Arrangement for compression test
102 Figure 10 – Ball-pressure test apparatus
Figure 11 – Arrangement and dimensions of the electrodes for the tracking test
103 Figure 12 – Apparatus for testing the cord retention
104 Figure 13 – Apparatus for flexing test
105 Figure 14 – Arrangement for mechanical strength test on PRCDs providedwith cords (9.12.6)
106 Figure 15 – Test apparatus for the verification of the minimum I2t and Ip values tobe withstood by the PRCD (9.11.2.1 a))
107 Figure 16 – Stabilizing period for reliability test (9.21.1.4)
108 Figure 17 – Reliability test cycle (9.21.1.4)
109 Figure 18 – Example for test circuit for verification of ageing ofelectronic components (9.22)
Figure 19 – Current ring wave 0,5 µs/100 kHz
110 Figure 20 – Example of test circuit for the verificationof resistance to unwanted tripping
111 Figure 21 – Minimum creepage distances and clearances asa function of peak value of voltage
112 Figure 22 – Minimum creepage distances and clearances as a functionof peak value of operating voltage
113 Figure 23 – Test cycle for low temperature test (9.9.4)
114 Figure 24 – Test circuit for the verification of operating characteristic (9.9),endurance test (9.10), trip-free mechanism (9.15) and behaviourin case of failure of line voltage (9.17)
115 Figure 25 – Test circuit for the verification of PRCD when pluggedinto incompatible supply systems (9.9.5.4)
116 Figure 26 – Verification of correct operation for hazardous live PE(see Table 15)
117 Figure 27 – Verification of open neutral for LNSE types, and open line for LLSE types
118 Figure 28 – Verification of a standing current in the protectiveconductor in normal service (9.9.8)
119 Figure 29 – Verification of open protective conductor (see 9.9.5.5)
120 Figure 30 – Standard test finger
121 Annex A (normative)Test sequences and number of samples to be submittedfor verification of conformity to this document
A.1 Verification of conformity
A.2 Test sequences
122 Table A.1 – Test sequences
123 A.3 Number of samples to be submitted for full test procedure
A.4 Number of samples to be submitted for simplified test proceduresin case of submitting simultaneously a range of PRCDs of the same fundamental design
Table A.2 – Number of samples to be submitted for full test procedure
125 Table A.3 – Reduction of number of samples
126 Table A.4 – Reduction of additional test sequences
127 Table A.5 – Reduction of additional test sequences
128 Annex B (normative)Routine tests
B.1 General
B.2 Tripping test
B.3 Dielectric strength test
B.4 Performance of the test device
B.5 Stray wire test
129 B.6 Correct continuity test
130 Annex C (normative)Determination of clearances and creepage distances
C.1 General
C.2 Orientation and location of a creepage distance
C.3 Creepage distances where more than one material is used
C.4 Creepage distances split by floating conductive part
C.5 Measurement of creepage distances and clearances
133 Figure C.1 – Examples of methods of measuring creepage distances and clearances
134 Annex D (normative)List of tests, additional test sequences and numbers of samplesfor verification of compliance of PRCDs with the requirementsof electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
D.1 General
D.2 EMC tests already included in the product standard
D.3 Additional tests of IEC 61543 to be applied
Table D.1 – EMC test
135 Table D.2 – Additional tests
136 Annex E (informative)Application of PRCD according to 4.8.2 (PRCD-S)
E.1 Explanation of switched protective conductor function and application
137 E.2 Examples of incorrect supply wiring
138 Figure E.1 – Examples of incorrect supply wirings for LLSE types
139 Figure E.2 – Examples of incorrect supply wirings for LNSE types
140 Annex F (informative)Examples of terminal designs
Figure F.1 – Examples of pillar terminals
141 Figure F.2 – Examples of screw terminals and stud terminals
142 Figure F.3 – Examples of saddle terminals
Figure F.4 – Examples of lug terminals
143 Annex G (informative)Correspondence between ISO and AWG copper conductors
144 Annex H (informative)Methods for determination of short-circuit power-factor
145 Bibliography
BS IEC 61540:2023
$215.11