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BS EN IEC 63112:2021

BS EN IEC 63112:2021

$215.11

Photovoltaic (PV) arrays. Earth fault protection equipment. Safety and safety-related functionality

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2021 80
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This document is applicable to low voltage Photovoltaic Earth-Fault Protection Equipment (PVEFPE) whose function is to detect, interrupt, and warn system operators of earth faults in solar photovoltaic arrays. NOTE 1 In the context of this document, the PV array may include connected wiring and equipment. The required coverage of the monitoring and protection is defined in PV installation codes and standards, including aspects such as whether or not the coverage is required to include battery circuits, the DC outputs of DC-DC converters, etc. NOTE 2 The IEC definition of low voltage is 1 000 V or less for AC systems and 1 500 V or less for DC systems. PV-EFPE may be stand-alone or integrated into other equipment such as PV power conversion equipment, a PV combiner, etc. This document specifies: – the types and levels of the monitoring and protection functions that may be provided; – the nature and timing of responses to earth faults; – test methods for validating the monitoring and protection functions provided; – requirements for functional safety and fault tolerance; – requirements for product safety including construction, environmental suitability, markings, documentation, and testing.

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PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
5 Annex ZA (normative)Normative references to international publicationswith their corresponding European publications
7 English
CONTENTS
11 FOREWORD
13 INTRODUCTION
14 1 Scope
2 Normative references
15 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms
17 4 Requirements relating PV-EFP to system topology
4.1 General
19 Figures
Figure 1 ā€“ Examples of functionally earthed system topologies
20 Figure 2 ā€“ Examples of non-earth-referenced system topologies
21 4.2 PV-EFP functions for different system topologies
Figure 3 ā€“ Examples of non-separated system topologies
22 Tables
Table 1 ā€“ PV-EFP functions based on system topology and earthing
23 4.3 PV-EFPE control over host system operation
4.3.1 General
4.3.2 Types of PV-EFPE requiring host system control
4.3.3 Methods of control of the host system operation
24 4.4 Disconnection under fault conditions
4.4.1 General
4.4.2 Disconnecting means
4.4.3 High impedance connections
4.4.4 Indirect disconnection
25 4.5 Systems with more than one sub-array (informative)
4.5.1 General
4.5.2 Isolated sub-arrays
4.5.3 Non-isolated sub-arrays
5 PV array to earth insulation monitoring
5.1 General
26 5.2 Array insulation monitoring requirements
5.3 Array insulation fault response requirements
Table 2 ā€“ Example PV array to earth insulation resistance limits
27 5.4 Provisions for reset
5.5 Insulation monitoring function adjustability
6 PV array residual or earth current monitoring
6.1 General
6.2 Required PV-EFP current monitoring functions
28 6.3 Shock hazard current monitoring
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Limits and response
6.3.3 Provisions for reset
Table 3 ā€“ Shock hazard ā€“ Sudden current change limits and response times
29 6.3.4 Shock hazard current monitoring ā€“ adjustability
6.3.5 Fault tolerance of shock hazard current monitoring
6.4 Fire hazard (continuous) current monitoring by electronic means
6.4.1 Overview
6.4.2 General
6.4.3 Settings and response
Table 4 ā€“ Example continuous current limits and response times
30 6.4.4 Provisions for reset
6.4.5 Fire hazard current monitoring function adjustability
6.4.6 Fault tolerance of fire hazard current monitoring by electronic means
6.5 Fire hazard current monitoring by an overcurrent protective device in the functional earthing conductor
6.5.1 Overview
6.5.2 General
31 6.5.3 Ratings
6.5.4 Response
6.5.5 Provisions for reset
6.5.6 Overcurrent protective device adjustability and replacement
Table 5 ā€“ Example trip current of overcurrent protectionin the functional earthing conductor
32 7 Construction
7.1 General
7.2 Environmental considerations
33 8 PV-EFP Fault Indication
8.1 General
8.2 Integral fault indication
8.3 Remote fault indication
8.3.1 General
8.3.2 Observability
8.3.3 Remote fault indication means
8.4 Resetting of the fault indication
34 9 Testing
9.1 General requirements for the tests in 9.2 through 9.5
9.1.1 Tests required
9.1.2 DC sources
35 9.1.3 AC sources
9.1.4 Laboratory conditions
9.1.5 Monitoring the PV-EFPE means of control of the host system
9.1.6 Control of the PV-EFPE state
36 9.1.7 Test setup
37 9.2 Tests for PV array insulation monitoring functions
9.2.1 Setup
Figure 4 ā€“ Example setup for PV-EFPE testing
38 9.2.2 Sequence of tests
Figure 5 ā€“ Example setup for PV-EFPE testing of array mid-point faults
39 9.2.3 Test for Riso above setting during system start-up
9.2.4 Test for Riso below setting during system start-up
9.2.5 Test for Riso dropping below setting during operation
40 9.2.6 Test for short circuit earth fault during system start-up
9.2.7 Test for short circuit earth fault during operation ā€“ non-earth-referenced PV arrays
41 9.2.8 Tests for PV array mid-point fault detection
9.2.9 24 h timer test
9.3 Tests for residual or earth current monitoring functions:
9.3.1 Setup
42 9.3.2 Sequence of tests
9.3.3 Tests for shock hazard current monitoring
44 9.3.4 Tests for fire hazard current monitoring by electronic means
46 9.3.5 Fault-tolerance of shock hazard current monitoring and fire hazard current monitoring by electronic means
47 9.3.6 Tests for fire hazard current monitoring by an overcurrent protective device in the functional earthing conductor
9.4 Test for short circuit earth fault during operation
9.4.1 General
9.4.2 Short circuit earth fault test procedure
9.4.3 Short circuit earth fault test pass/fail criteria
48 9.5 Tests for coordination of PV-EFP functions
49 9.6 Product safety tests
10 Software or firmware performing safety critical functions
10.1 General
10.1.1 Overview
10.1.2 Risk analysis
50 10.1.3 Integrated PV-EFPE
10.2 Evaluation methods
10.2.1 General
10.2.2 Testing with features disabled
10.2.3 Functional safety analysis
51 11 Marking and documentation
11.1 Equipment markings
11.1.1 General
11.1.2 Marking content
53 11.2 Installation and operating instructions
11.2.1 General
54 11.2.2 General content
11.2.3 Information related to installation
56 11.2.4 Information related to operation
57 11.2.5 Information related to maintenance
12 Routine (production) tests
12.1 General
12.2 Routine dielectric tests
12.3 Routine EFP function tests
12.3.1 General
58 12.3.2 Shock hazard current monitoring
12.3.3 Electronic fire hazard current monitoring
12.3.4 Residual current device test function
12.3.5 PV array insulation monitoring function
59 Annex A (informative)Examples of system topologies with respect to PV Earth Fault Protection
A.1 General
A.2 Functionally earthed (FE) system with FE current monitoring
Figure A.1 ā€“ Functionally earthed (FE) system with current monitoringin the FE conductor
60 A.3 Functionally earthed (FE) system with a functionally earthed conductor fault
Figure A.2 ā€“ Functionally earthed (FE) system with a functionallyearthed conductor fault
61 A.4 Functionally earthed (FE) system with residual current monitoring
Figure A.3 ā€“ Functionally earthed (FE) system with residual current monitoring
62 A.5 Non-separated system with residual current monitoring on PV+/-
Figure A.4 ā€“ Non-separated 3-phase system with residual current monitoring on PV+/-
63 A.6 Non-separated system with residual current monitoring on the AC side
Figure A.5 ā€“ Non-separated 1-phase system with residualcurrent monitoring on the AC side
64 A.7 Non-earth-referenced system with continuous insulation monitoring
Figure A.6 ā€“ Non-earth-referenced system with continuous insulation monitoring
65 Annex B (informative)Background and rationale for PV Earth Fault Protection requirements
B.1 Purpose
B.2 PV earth faults ā€“ scope and meaning
66 B.3 PV-EFP goals
B.4 PV-EFP challenges
B.4.1 Characteristics of PV systems that affect PV-EFP approaches
68 B.4.2 PV-EFP ā€œblind spotsā€ and coordination of protective measures
70 B.4.3 Relation between PV-EFP protection settings and PV system size
73 B.5 Current and historical standards covering PV Earth Fault Protection
B.5.1 General
B.5.2 NFPA 70 ā€“ the US National Electrical Code (NEC)
B.5.3 UL1741 and related documents
74 B.5.4 VDE 0126-1-1
75 B.5.5 IEC 62109-2
Table B.1 ā€“ Sudden change residual current limits
76 B.5.6 IEC 60364-7-712
B.5.7 IEC 62548
77 B.5.8 Conclusions
78 Bibliography

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