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BS EN IEC 60664-1:2020 – TC

BS EN IEC 60664-1:2020 – TC

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Tracked Changes. Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage supply systems – Principles, requirements and tests

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2020 212
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IEC 60664-1:2020 deals with insulation coordination for equipment having a rated voltage up to AC 1 000 V or DC 1 500 V connected to low-voltage supply systems. This document applies to frequencies up to 30 kHz. It applies to equipment for use up to 2 000 m above sea level and provides guidance for use at higher altitudes. It provides requirements for technical committees to determine clearances, creepage distances and criteria for solid insulation. It includes methods of electrical testing with respect to insulation coordination. The minimum clearances specified in this document do not apply where ionized gases are present. Special requirements for such situations can be specified at the discretion of the relevant technical committee. This document does not deal with distances:โ€“ through liquid insulation; โ€“ through gases other than air; โ€“ through compressed air. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:

  1. update of the Scope, Clauses 2 and 3,
  2. addition of 1 500 V DC into tables,
  3. new structure for Clauses 4 and 5,
  4. addition of Annex G with a flowchart for clearances,
  5. addition of Annex H with a flowchart for creepage distances,
  6. update of distances altitude correction in a new Table F.10.

It has the status of a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104.

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PDF Pages PDF Title
1 compares BS EN IEC 60664-1:2020
2 TRACKED CHANGES
Text example 1 โ€” indicates added text (in green)
3 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.
Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication
5 Endorsement notice
8 Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage supply systems โ€“ Part 1: Principles, requirements and tests
13 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
FOREWORD
14 โ€“ Terms defined in Clause 3: in bold type.
15 INSULATION COORDINATION FOR EQUIPMENT WITHIN LOW-VOLTAGE SUPPLY SYSTEMS โ€“
1 Scope and object
16 2 Normative references
17 3 Terms and, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1
3.1.2
18 3.13.1.3
3.23.1.4
3.33.1.5
3.43.1.6
3.53.1.7
3.1.8
3.1.9
3.63.1.10
19 3.73.1.11
3.7.13.1.12
3.7.23.1.13
3.7.3
3.7.4
3.7.5
3.83.1.14
3.8.13.1.15
3.8.2
20 3.8.3
3.8.43.1.16
3.93.1.17
3.9.13.1.18
3.9.23.1.19
3.9.3
3.9.4
21 3.103.1.20
3.11
3.123.1.21
3.12.13.1.22
3.12.2
3.1.23
3.1.24
3.133.1.25
3.143.1.26
22 3.153.1.27
3.16
3.173.1.28
3.17.13.1.29
3.17.23.1.30
3.17.33.1.31
23 3.17.43.1.32
3.17.53.1.33
3.183.1.34
3.18.13.1.35
3.18.23.1.36
24 3.18.33.1.37
3.18.43.1.38
3.18.53.1.39
3.18.6
NOTEโ€ƒFor a.c. tests the r.m.s. value may be used.
3.1.40
Note 1 to entry:โ€ƒFor AC tests, the RMS value may be used.
3.19
25 3.19.1
3.19.2
3.1.41
3.1.42
3.19.33.1.43
3.203.1.44
3.20.1
3.20.2
3.1.45
3.1.46
3.20.33.1.47
26 3.2 Abbreviated terms
4 BasisBasic technical characteristics for insulation coordination
4.1 General
27 4.2 Insulation coordination with regard to voltage
4.2 Voltages
4.2.1 General aspects
4.2.2 Insulation coordination with regard to long-term a.c. or d.c. voltages
4.2.2 Transient overvoltages
28 4.2.3 Insulation coordination with regard to transient overvoltage
4.2.5 Insulation coordination with regard to temporary overvoltage
29 4.3 Voltages and voltage ratings
4.3.2 Determination of voltage for long-term stresses
4.3.2.2 Voltage for dimensioning basic insulation
30 4.3.2.2.2 Systems, equipment and internal circuits not energized directly from the low-voltage mains
4.3.2.3 Voltage for dimensioning functional insulation
4.3.3 Determination of rated impulse voltage
4.2.2.2 Transient overvoltages entering through the mains supply
4.2.2.3 Transient overvoltages generated by external circuits
4.2.2.4 Transient overvoltages generated internally in the equipment
4.2.2.5 Attenuation of transient overvoltage levels
31 4.2.3 Temporary overvoltages
4.2.4 Recurring peak voltage
Figure 1 โ€“ Recurring peak voltage
32 4.2.5 Steady-state working voltage
4.2.6 Steady-state peak voltage
4.3.3.24.3 Overvoltage categories
4.3.3.2.14.3.1 General
4.3.3.2.24.3.2 Equipment energized directly from the mains supply mains
33 4.3.3.2.34.3.3 Systems and equipment not energized directly from the low-voltage mains supply
4.3.3.3 Selection of rated impulse voltage for equipment
4.3.3.4 Impulse voltage insulation coordination within equipment
4.3.3.4.2 Parts or circuits within equipment specifically protected against transient overvoltages
4.3.3.5 Switching overvoltage generated by the equipment
34 4.3.3.6 Interface requirements
4.3.4 Determination of recurring peak voltage
Figure 1 โ€“ Recurring peak voltage
35 4.3.5.2 Fault voltage
4.3.5.3 Stress due to temporary overvoltages
4.4 Frequency
4.5 Time under voltage stress
4.4 Frequency
4.4.1 General
4.4.2 Solid insulation
36 4.64.5 Pollution
4.6.14.5.1 General
4.6.24.5.2 Degrees of pollution in the micro-environment
โ€“ Pollution degree 1
โ€“ Pollution degree 2
โ€“ Pollution degree 3
โ€“ Pollution degree 4
4.6.34.5.3 Conditions of conductive pollution
4.7 Information supplied with the equipment
37 4.8 Insulating material
4.8.1 Comparative tracking index (CTI)
4.8.1.2 CTI values to categorize insulating materials
4.8.1.3 Material groups
38 4.8.1.4 Test for comparative tracking index (CTI)
4.8.1.5 Non tracking materials
4.8.2 Electric strength characteristics
4.8.3 Thermal characteristics
4.8.4 Mechanical and chemical characteristics
5 Requirements and dimensioning rules
5.1 Dimensioning of clearances
5.1.2 Dimensioning criteria
39 5.1.2.2 Dimensioning to withstand transient overvoltages
5.1.2.3 Dimensioning to withstand steady-state voltages, temporary overvoltages or recurring peak voltages
5.1.3 Electric field conditions
5.1.3.2 Inhomogeneous field conditions (case A of Table F.2)
5.1.3.3 Homogeneous field conditions (case B of Table F.2)
40 5.1.4 Altitude
5.1.5 Dimensioning of clearances of functional insulation
5.1.6 Dimensioning of clearances of basic, supplementary and reinforced insulation
41 5.1.7 Isolating distances
5.2 Dimensioning of creepage distances
5.2.2 Influencing factors
5.2.2.2 Voltage
5.2.2.3 Pollution
5.2.2.4 Orientation and location of a creepage distance
42 5.2.2.5 Shape of insulating surface
5.2.2.6 Relationship to clearance
5.2.2.7 Creepage distances where more than one material is used or more than one pollution degree occurs
5.2.2.8 Creepage distances split by floating conductive part
5.2.3 Dimensioning of creepage distances of functional insulation
5.2.4 Dimensioning of creepage distances of basic, supplementary and reinforced insulation
43 5.2.5 Reduction of creepage distances with the use of a rib (ribs)
Figure 2 โ€“ Determination of the width (W) and height (H) of a rib
4.6 Insulating material
4.6.1 Solid insulation
44 5.3 Requirements for design of solid insulation
5.3.1 General
5.3.24.6.2 Stresses
5.3.2.14.6.2.1 General
5.3.2.2 Short-term stresses and their effects
45 5.3.2.2.2 Heating
5.3.2.2.34.6.2.2 Mechanical shock
5.3.2.3.14.6.2.3 Partial discharges (PD)
5.3.2.3.2 Heating
46 4.6.2.4 Other stresses
4.6.3 Comparative tracking index (CTI)
4.6.3.2 Comparative tracking index (CTI) values to categorize insulating materials
4.6.3.3 Test for comparative tracking index (CTI)
4.6.3.4 Non- tracking materials
47 4.7 Environmental aspects
4.7.1 General
4.7.2 Altitude
4.7.3 Temperature
5.3.2.3.3 Mechanical stresses
4.7.4 Vibrations
5.3.2.3.44.7.5 Humidity
4.8 Duration of voltage stress
48 4.9 Electrical field distribution
5 Design for insulation coordination
5.1 General
5.1.1 Means of insulation coordination
5.1.2 Frequency above 30 kHz
5.1.3 Reduced distances due to coating or potting
5.1.4 Equipment which are not connected to public low-voltage systems.
5.2 Dimensioning of clearances
5.2.1 General
49 5.2.2 Dimensioning criteria for clearances
5.2.2.2 Selection of rated impulse withstand voltage for equipment
5.2.2.3 Dimensioning to withstand transient overvoltages
5.2.2.4 Dimensioning to withstand steady-state peak voltages, temporary overvoltages or recurring peak voltages
5.2.3 Other factors involving clearances
50 5.2.3.2 Inhomogeneous field conditions (case A of Table F.2)
5.2.3.3 Homogeneous field conditions (case B of Table F.2)
5.2.3.4 Altitude correction
5.2.3.5 Pollution degree in micro-environment
5.2.4 Dimensioning of clearances of functional insulation
5.2.5 Dimensioning of clearances of basic insulation, supplementary insulation and reinforced insulation
51 5.3 Dimensioning of creepage distances
5.3.1 General
52 5.3.2 Dimensioning criteria of creepage distances
5.3.2.2 Determination of the voltage
5.3.2.3 Determination of the pollution degree
5.3.2.4 Determination of the material group
5.3.2.5 Relationship of creepage distance to clearance
53 5.3.3 Other factors involving creepage distances
5.3.3.2 Orientation of creepage distances
5.3.3.3 Shape of insulating surface
5.3.3.4 Duration of the voltage stress
5.3.3.5 Creepage distances where more than one material is used or more than one pollution degree occurs
5.3.3.6 Creepage distances split by floating conductive parts
54 5.3.3.7 Reduction of required creepage distances by using ribs
Figure 2 โ€“ Determination of the width (W) and height (H) of a rib
5.3.4 Dimensioning of creepage distances of functional insulation
55 5.3.5 Dimensioning of creepage distances of basic insulation, supplementary insulation and reinforced insulation
โ€“ the rated insulation voltage;
5.3.2.4 Other stresses
โ€“ the effect of migration of plasticizers,
5.3.35.4 Requirements for design of solid insulation
5.3.3.15.4.1 General
56 5.4.2 Voltage stress
5.3.3.25.4.3 Withstand of voltage stresses
5.3.3.2.35.4.3.2 Temporary withstand overvoltages
57 5.3.3.2.45.4.3.3 Recurring peak voltages
5.4.3.4 Steady-state voltages
58 5.4.4 Withstand on environmental stresses
5.3.3.45.4.4.2 Withstand of mechanical stresses
5.3.3.55.4.4.3 Withstand of long-term heating stresses
5.3.3.65.4.4.4 Withstand of the effects of humidity
5.3.3.7 Withstand of other stresses
5.4.4.5 Other factors impacting solid insulation
6 Tests and measurements
6.1 Tests
6.1.16.1 General
59 6.2 Verification of clearances
6.2.1 General
6.1.2 Test for verification of clearances
60 6.1.2.26.2.2 Test voltages
6.1.2.2.1.26.2.2.1.2 Selection of impulse test voltage
6.1.2.2.1.3 Explanations to Table F.5
61 6.1.2.2.26.2.2.1.3 Alternatives to impulse voltage dielectric tests
6.1.2.2.2.16.2.2.1.3.1 General
62 6.1.2.2.2.26.2.2.1.3.2 Dielectric test with a.c.AC voltage
6.1.2.2.2.36.2.2.1.3.3 Dielectric test with d.c.DC voltage
6.2.2.1.4 Altitude correction for testing at altitudes different than 2 000 m
63 6.3 Verification of creepage distances
6.4 Verification of solid insulation
6.4.1 General
6.1.3 Tests for the verification of solid insulation
6.1.3.16.4.2 Selection of tests
65 6.1.3.26.4.3 Conditioning
6.1.3.36.4.4 Impulse voltage test
66 6.1.3.3.26.4.4.2 Acceptance criteria
6.1.3.46.4.5 A.C.AC power frequency voltage test
67 6.1.3.4.26.4.5.2 Acceptance criteria
6.1.3.56.4.6 Partial discharge test
68 6.1.3.5.26.4.6.2 Verification
6.1.3.5.36.4.6.3 Test procedure
69 Figure 3 โ€“ Test voltages
70 6.1.3.5.4.26.4.6.4.2 Test result
6.1.3.66.4.7 DC voltage test
6.1.3.76.4.8 High-frequency voltage test
6.1.46.5 Performing dielectric tests on complete equipment
6.1.4.16.5.1 General
71 6.1.4.26.5.2 Parts to be tested
6.1.4.36.5.3 Preparation of equipment circuits
6.1.4.46.5.4 Test voltage values
6.1.4.56.5.5 Test criteria
72 6.1.56.6 Other tests
6.1.5.16.6.1 Test for purposes other than insulation coordination
6.1.5.26.6.2 Sampling and routine tests
6.1.66.6.3 Measurement accuracy of test parameters
6.2 Measurement of creepage distances and clearances
The dimension X, specified in the following examples, has a minimum value depending on the pollution degree as follows:
73 6.7 Measurement of the attenuation of the transient overvoltages
6.8 Measurement of clearances and creepage distances
78 Table 1 โ€“ Dimensioning of grooves
Figure 4 โ€“ Across the groove
Figure 5 โ€“ Contour of the groove
79 Figure 6 โ€“ Contour of the groove with angle
Figure 7 โ€“ Contour of rib
Figure 8 โ€“ Uncemented joint with grooves less than X
80 Figure 9 โ€“ Uncemented joint with grooves equal to or more than X
Figure 10 โ€“ Uncemented joint with a groove on one side less than X
81 Figure 12 โ€“ Creepage distance and clearance to a head of screw more than X
Figure 13 โ€“ Creepage distance and clearance to a head of screw less than X
Figure 14 โ€“ Creepage distance and clearance with conductive floating part
82 Annex A
(informative)
Table A.1 โ€“ Withstand voltages in kilovolts for an altitude of 2 000 m above sea level (1 of 2)
83 Table A.2 โ€“ Altitude correction factors for clearance correction
85 Figure A.1 โ€“ Withstand voltage at 2 000 m above sea level
87 Figure A.2 โ€“ Experimental data measured at approximately sea level and their low limits for inhomogeneous field
89 Figure A.3 โ€“ Experimental data measured at approximately sea level and their low limits for homogeneous field
90 Annex B
(informative)
Table B.1 โ€“ Inherent control or equivalent protective control
91 Table B.2 โ€“ Cases where protective control is necessary and control is provided by surge arrestersprotective device having a ratio of clamping voltage protection level to rated voltage not smaller than that specified byin IEC 60099-1IEC 61643 (all parts)
92 Annex C
(normative)
C.1 Test circuits
C.1.1 General
C.1.2 Test circuit for earthed test specimen (Figure C.1)
Figure C.1 โ€“ Earthed test specimen
93 C.1.3 Test circuit for unearthed test specimen (Figure C.2)
Figure C.2 โ€“ Unearthed test specimen
C.1.4 Selection criteria
C.1.5 Measuring impedance
94 C.1.6 Coupling capacitor Ck
C.1.7 Filter
C.2 Test parameters
C.2.1 General
C.2.2 Requirements for the test voltage
C.2.3 Climatic conditions
C.3 Requirements for measuring instruments
C.3.1 General
95 C.3.2 Classification of PD meters
C.3.3 Bandwidth of the test circuit
C.4 Calibration
C.4.1 Calibration of discharge magnitude before the noise level measurement
96 Figure C.3 โ€“ Calibration for earthed test specimen
97 Figure C.4 โ€“ Calibration for unearthed test specimen
C.4.2 Verification of the noise level
C.4.3 Calibration for the PD test
C.4.4 Calibration pulse generator
99 Annex D
(informative)
D.1 Measurement of partial discharge (PD), PD inception and extinction voltage
D.2 Description of PD test circuits (Figure D.1)
100 Figure D.1 โ€“ Partial discharge test circuits
D.3 Precautions for reduction of noise
D.3.1 General
D.3.2 Sources of noise
101 D.3.2.1D.3.2 Sources in the non-energized test circuit
D.3.2.2D.3.3 Sources in the energized test circuit
D.3.3D.3.4 Measures for reduction of noise
D.4 Application of multiplying factors for test voltages
D.4.1 General
D.4.2 Example 1 (Circuitcircuit connected to the low-voltage mains supply)
D.4.2.2 PDPartial discharge extinction voltage UeUextinction (basic insulation)
102 D.4.2.3 Initial value of the PD test voltage U1 (basic insulation)
D.4.3 Example 2 (Internalinternal circuit with maximum recurring peak voltage Urp)
D.4.3.2 Initial value of the PD test voltage U1 (basic insulation)
103 Annex E
(informative)
104 Figure E.1 โ€“ Comparison between creepage distances specified in Table F.4 Table F.5 and clearances in Table A.1
105 Annex F
(normative)
Table F.1 โ€“ Rated impulse withstand voltage for equipment energized directly from the low-voltage mains supply
106 Table F.2 โ€“ Clearances to withstand transient overvoltages
107 Table F.3aTable F.3 โ€“ Single-phase three-wire or two-wire a.c.AC or d.c.DC systems
108 Table F.3bTable F.4 โ€“ Three-phase four-wire or three-wire a.c.AC systems
109 Table F.4Table F.5 โ€“ Creepage distances to avoid failure due to tracking (1 of 2)
111 Table F.5Table F.6 โ€“ Test voltages for verifying clearances only at different altitudes
Table F.6Table F.7 โ€“ Severities for conditioning of solid insulation
112 Table F.7โ€“ Clearances to withstand steady-state voltages, temporary overvoltages or recurring peak voltages
Table F.7aTable F.8 โ€“ Dimensioning of clearances to withstand steady-state peak voltages, temporary overvoltages or recurring peak voltages b
114 Table F.8 โ€“ Altitude correction factors
Table F.10 โ€“ Altitude correction factors for clearance correction
115 Annex G
(informative)
Figure G.1 โ€“ Determination of clearance distances according to 5.2 (1 of 2)
117 Annex H
(informative)
Figure H.1 โ€“ Determination of creepage distances according to 5.3 (1 of 2)
118 Figure H.1 โ€“ Determination of creepage distances according to 5.3 (2 of 2)
119 Bibliography
121 Annex ZA
(normative)
124 undefined
127 Annex ZA(normative)Normative references to international publicationswith their corresponding European publications
130 English
CONTENTS
134 FOREWORD
136 1 Scope
2 Normative references
137 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
143 3.2 Abbreviated terms
4 Basic technical characteristics for insulation coordination
4.1 General
144 4.2 Voltages
4.2.1 General aspects
145 4.2.2 Transient overvoltages
146 4.2.3 Temporary overvoltages
4.2.4 Recurring peak voltage
147 4.2.5 Steady-state working voltage
4.2.6 Steady-state peak voltage
4.3 Overvoltage categories
4.3.1 General
4.3.2 Equipment energized directly from the mains supply
Figures
Figure 1 โ€“ Recurring peak voltage
148 4.3.3 Systems and equipment not energized directly from the mains supply
4.4 Frequency
4.4.1 General
4.4.2 Solid insulation
4.5 Pollution
4.5.1 General
149 4.5.2 Degrees of pollution in the micro-environment
4.5.3 Conditions of conductive pollution
4.6 Insulating material
4.6.1 Solid insulation
150 4.6.2 Stresses
151 4.6.3 Comparative tracking index (CTI)
152 4.7 Environmental aspects
4.7.1 General
4.7.2 Altitude
4.7.3 Temperature
4.7.4 Vibrations
4.7.5 Humidity
4.8 Duration of voltage stress
153 4.9 Electrical field distribution
5 Design for insulation coordination
5.1 General
5.1.1 Means of insulation coordination
5.1.2 Frequency above 30 kHz
5.1.3 Reduced distances due to coating or potting
5.1.4 Equipment which are not connected to public low-voltage systems.
5.2 Dimensioning of clearances
5.2.1 General
154 5.2.2 Dimensioning criteria for clearances
5.2.3 Other factors involving clearances
155 5.2.4 Dimensioning of clearances of functional insulation
5.2.5 Dimensioning of clearances of basic insulation, supplementary insulation and reinforced insulation
156 5.3 Dimensioning of creepage distances
5.3.1 General
157 5.3.2 Dimensioning criteria of creepage distances
158 5.3.3 Other factors involving creepage distances
159 5.3.4 Dimensioning of creepage distances of functional insulation
5.3.5 Dimensioning of creepage distances of basic insulation, supplementary insulation and reinforced insulation
Figure 2 โ€“ Determination of the width (W) and height (H) of a rib
160 5.4 Requirements for design of solid insulation
5.4.1 General
5.4.2 Voltage stress
5.4.3 Withstand of voltage stresses
162 5.4.4 Withstand on environmental stresses
6 Tests and measurements
6.1 General
163 6.2 Verification of clearances
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Test voltages
165 6.3 Verification of creepage distances
6.4 Verification of solid insulation
6.4.1 General
166 6.4.2 Selection of tests
167 6.4.3 Conditioning
6.4.4 Impulse voltage test
168 6.4.5 AC power frequency voltage test
6.4.6 Partial discharge test
170 6.4.7 DC voltage test
Figure 3 โ€“ Test voltages
171 6.4.8 High-frequency voltage test
6.5 Performing dielectric tests on complete equipment
6.5.1 General
6.5.2 Parts to be tested
172 6.5.3 Preparation of equipment circuits
6.5.4 Test voltage values
6.5.5 Test criteria
6.6 Other tests
6.6.1 Test for purposes other than insulation coordination
6.6.2 Sampling and routine tests
6.6.3 Measurement accuracy of test parameters
173 6.7 Measurement of the attenuation of the transient overvoltages
6.8 Measurement of clearances and creepage distances
174 Figure 4 โ€“ Across the groove
Tables
Table 1 โ€“ Dimensioning of grooves
175 Figure 5 โ€“ Contour of the groove
Figure 6 โ€“ Contour of the groove with angle
Figure 7 โ€“ Contour of rib
176 Figure 8 โ€“ Uncemented joint with grooves less than X
Figure 9 โ€“ Uncemented joint with grooves equal to or more than X
177 Figure 10 โ€“ Uncemented joint with a groove on one side less than X
Figure 11 โ€“ Creepage distance and clearance through an uncemented joint
Figure 12 โ€“ Creepage distance and clearance to a head of screw more than X
178 Figure 13 โ€“ Creepage distance and clearance to a head of screw less than X
Figure 14 โ€“ Creepage distance and clearance with conductive floating part
179 Annexes
Annex A (informative) Basic data on withstand characteristics of clearances
Table A.1 โ€“ Withstand voltages for an altitude of 2 000 m above sea level (1 of 2)
180 Table A.2 โ€“ Altitude correction factors for clearance correction
181 Figure A.1 โ€“ Withstand voltage at 2 000 m above sea level
182 Figure A.2 โ€“ Experimental data measured at approximately sea level and their low limits for inhomogeneous field
183 Figure A.3 โ€“ Experimental data measured at approximately sea level and their low limits for homogeneous field
184 Annex B (informative) Nominal voltages of mains supply for different modes of overvoltage control
Table B.1 โ€“ Inherent control or equivalent protective control
185 Table B.2 โ€“ Cases where protective control is necessary and control is provided by surge protective device having a ratio of voltage protection level to rated voltagenot smaller than that specified in IEC 61643 (all parts)
186 Annex C (normative) Partial discharge test methods
C.1 Test circuits
C.1.1 General
C.1.2 Test circuit for earthed test specimen (Figure C.1)
Figure C.1 โ€“ Earthed test specimen
187 C.1.3 Test circuit for unearthed test specimen (Figure C.2)
C.1.4 Selection criteria
C.1.5 Measuring impedance
C.1.6 Coupling capacitor Ck
C.1.7 Filter
C.2 Test parameters
C.2.1 General
Figure C.2 โ€“ Unearthed test specimen
188 C.2.2 Requirements for the test voltage
C.2.3 Climatic conditions
C.3 Requirements for measuring instruments
C.3.1 General
C.3.2 Classification of PD meters
189 C.3.3 Bandwidth of the test circuit
C.4 Calibration
C.4.1 Calibration of discharge magnitude before the noise level measurement
190 C.4.2 Verification of the noise level
Figure C.3 โ€“ Calibration for earthed test specimen
Figure C.4 โ€“ Calibration for unearthed test specimen
191 C.4.3 Calibration for the PD test
C.4.4 Calibration pulse generator
192 Annex D (informative) Additional information on partial discharge test methods
D.1 Measurement of partial discharge (PD), PD inception and extinction voltage
D.2 Description of PD test circuits (Figure D.1)
Figure D.1 โ€“ Partial discharge test circuits
193 D.3 Precautions for reduction of noise
D.3.1 General
D.3.2 Sources in the non-energized test circuit
D.3.3 Sources in the energized test circuit
D.3.4 Measures for reduction of noise
D.4 Application of multiplying factors for test voltages
D.4.1 General
194 D.4.2 Example 1 (circuit connected to mains supply)
D.4.3 Example 2 (internal circuit with maximum recurring peak voltage Urp)
195 Annex E (informative) Comparison of creepage distances specified in Table F.5 and clearances in Table A.1
Figure E.1 โ€“ Comparison between creepage distances specifiedin Table F.5 and clearances in Table A.1
196 Annex F (normative) Tables
Table F.1 โ€“ Rated impulse withstand voltage for equipment energized directly from the mains supply
197 Table F.2 โ€“ Clearances to withstand transient overvoltages
198 Table F.3 โ€“ Single-phase three-wire or two-wire AC or DC systems
199 Table F.4 โ€“ Three-phase four-wire or three-wire AC systems
200 Table F.5 โ€“ Creepage distances to avoid failure due to tracking (1 of 2)
202 Table F.6 โ€“ Test voltages for verifying clearances only at different altitudes
Table F.7 โ€“ Severities for conditioning of solid insulation
203 Table F.8 โ€“ Dimensioning of clearances to withstand steady-state peak voltages, temporary overvoltages or recurring peak voltages b
Table F.9 โ€“ Additional information concerning the dimensioning of clearances to avoid partial discharge
204 Table F.10 โ€“ Altitude correction factors for clearance correction
205 Annex G (informative) Determination of clearance distances according to 5.2
Figure G.1 โ€“ Determination of clearance distances according to 5.2 (1 of 2)
207 Annex H (informative) Determination of creepage distances according to 5.3
Figure H.1 โ€“ Determination of creepage distances according to 5.3 (1 of 2)
209 Bibliography

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