BS EN 14932:2018
$189.07
Plastics. Thermoplastic stretch films for wrapping silage bales
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| BSI | 2018 | 46 |
This European Standard specifies the requirements for dimensional, mechanical, oxygen transmission rate and optical characteristics of stretch thermoplastic films for wrapping bales used for ensilaging of forage. It specifies a classification for solar reflectance of the films. This European Standard specifies also test methods to check these requirements. It specifies also test methods for the determination of the airtightness and oxygen permeability determined on a wrapped artificial bale. This European Standard is applicable to white, black or coloured films based on polyolefin materials. It covers the width range from 250 mm up to 1 000 mm. The performances of the stretch films in conformance with this European Standard are based on the use of at least six layers of films, pre-stretched at a ratio between 60 % and 70 % for round bales and a ratio of 55 % and 65 % for wrapping square bales. This European Standard also gives guidance for storage of rolls and instructions for wrapping, storage of wrapped bales and for disposal of films.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 2 | undefined |
| 9 | 1 Scope 2 Normative references |
| 10 | 3 Terms and definitions |
| 11 | 4 Materials 5 Solar reflectance 6 Durability |
| 12 | 7 Requirements 7.1 General requirements |
| 13 | 7.2 Requirement for visual inspection 7.3 Optional characteristics 7.3.1 Airtightness and oxygen permeability determined on a wrapped artificial bale 7.3.2 Adhesion |
| 14 | 8 Test methods 8.1 Determination of film thickness 8.1.1 Determination of single point thickness 8.1.2 Determination of average thickness 8.2 Determination of width 8.3 Determination of core protrusion 8.4 Determination of film length |
| 15 | 8.5 Determination of neck-in during film stretching 8.6 Determination of tensile characteristics |
| 16 | 8.7 Determination of impact resistance 8.8 Determination of the tightening force 8.9 Determination of the tear resistance 8.10 Determination of total luminous transmittance 8.11 Determination of resistance to weathering 8.11.1 Principle 8.11.2 Exposure to xenon-arc lamps 8.11.3 Procedure |
| 17 | 8.11.4 Calculation and expression of results 8.12 Determination of oxygen transmission rate 9 Film acceptance 10 Designation |
| 18 | 11 Marking of packaging 12 Instructions for use of stretch films 13 Instructions for disposal of stretch films and end-of-life |
| 19 | Annex A (informative)Exposure to other light sources A.1 Medium pressure mercury vapour lamps A.1.1 Exposure method A.1.2 Irradiance A.1.3 Temperature A.1.4 Apparatus calibration |
| 20 | A.1.5 Procedure A.1.6 Calculation and expression of results A.2 Fluorescent UV lamps A.2.1 Exposure to fluorescent UV lamps A.2.2 Procedure |
| 21 | A.2.3 Calculation and expression of results |
| 22 | Annex B (informative)Numerical correlation between durations of stretch forage films exposed to artificial weathering and a natural exposure B.1 Exposure to xenon-arc lamps B.2 Exposure to medium pressure mercury vapour lamps |
| 23 | B.3 Exposure to fluorescent UV lamps |
| 24 | Annex C (normative)Determination of solar reflectance C.1 General |
| 25 | C.2 Principle C.3 Terms and definitions C.4 Apparatus |
| 26 | C.5 Test specimens C.6 Procedure C.7 Calculation of the solar reflectance Rs |
| 27 | Annex D (normative)Determination of neck-in during stretching D.1 Introduction D.2 Principle D.3 Apparatus |
| 28 | D.4 Atmosphere for conditioning and testing D.5 Procedure |
| 29 | Annex E (normative)Determination of tightening force E.1 Principle E.2 Apparatus E.3 Procedure E.4 Preparation of the specimens E.5 Results |
| 31 | Annex F (informative)Determination of oxygen permeability and airtightness on an artificial bale F.1 General F.2 Principle F.2.1 Measurement of oxygen permeability F.2.2 Measurement of airtightness F.3 Apparatus F.3.1 Artificial bale |
| 32 | F.3.2 Wrapping machine F.3.3 Oxygen analyser |
| 33 | F.3.4 Device for creating a negative pressure F.3.5 Pressure measuring device inside the artificial bale F.3.6 Air pressure measuring device F.3.7 Temperature measuring device F.3.8 Test room F.3.9 Device for measuring the film length F.4 Films F.5 Conditioning of the film |
| 34 | F.6 Procedure F.6.1 General F.6.2 Wrapping of the artificial bale F.6.3 Stretching of the film F.6.4 Temperature measurement |
| 35 | F.6.5 Determination of oxygen permeability F.6.5.1 Oxygen permeability measurement F.6.5.2 Calculation and expression of results F.6.6 Determination of airtightness F.6.6.1 Air pressure measurement F.6.6.2 Airtightness measurement |
| 36 | F.6.6.3 Calculation and expression of results |
| 37 | Annex G (informative)Determination of adhesion characteristic G.1 Principle G.2 Apparatus G.3 Preparation of the apparatus |
| 40 | G.4 Procedure |
| 41 | G.5 Report |
| 42 | Annex H (informative)Guidance for use and disposal of stretch films H.1 Instructions for storage of rolls H.2 Instructions for baling H.3 Instruction for wrapping |
| 43 | H.4 Instruction for storage of wrapped bales H.5 Instruction for disposal of films |
