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BS EN 14662-1:2023 – TC:2024 Edition

BS EN 14662-1:2023 – TC:2024 Edition

$280.87

Tracked Changes. Ambient air quality. Standard method for measurement of benzene concentrations – Pumped sampling followed by thermal desorption and gas chromatography

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2024 167
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This document gives general guidance for the sampling and analysis of benzene in air by pumped sampling, thermal desorption and capillary gas chromatography. This document is in accordance with the generic methodology selected as the basis of the European Union reference method for the determination of benzene in ambient air [1] for the purpose of comparison of measurement results with limit values with a one-year reference period. This document is valid for the measurement of benzene in a concentration range of approximately 0,5 μg/m3 to 50 μg/m3. Air samples are typically collected over periods ranging from a few hours to 7 days. The upper limit of the useful range is set by the sorptive capacity (the safe sampling volume) of the sorbent and by the linear dynamic range of the gas chromatograph column and detector or by the sample splitting capacity of the analytical instrumentation used. The lower limit of the useful range depends on the noise level of the detector and on blank levels of benzene and/or interfering artefacts on the sorbent. Artefacts are typically sub ng for graphitised carbon sorbents, but higher levels of aromatic hydrocarbons have been noted in other sorbents – e.g. porous polymers. The detection limit will be approximately 1/10 of the lower concentration range. This document provides general guidance for the sampling of benzene using either a single sampler, which is changed manually after every exposure period, or a multi-sampler capable of storing and exposing multiple samples without user intervention.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
93 undefined
100 1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
104 4 Method description
4.1 Principle
4.2 Reagents and materials
4.2.1 Benzene
4.2.2 Dilution solvent
4.2.3 Dilution gas
4.2.4 Inert gas for sampler conditioning
105 4.2.5 Calibration standards in samplers
4.2.6 Preparation of calibration gas mixtures
4.2.7 Calibration standards in samplers prepared by vapour spiking of calibration gas mixtures
106 4.2.8 Preparation of standard solutions for liquid spiking
4.2.8.1 General
4.2.8.2 Solution containing approximately 5 mg/ml of benzene
4.2.9 Stability of standard solutions
4.2.10 Calibration standards in samplers prepared by liquid spiking of standard solutions
4.3 Apparatus
4.3.1 Samplers
107 4.3.2 Sampler and caps
4.3.3 Types of sampling devices
4.3.3.1 General
4.3.3.2 Single sampling device
4.3.3.3 Multiplexing sampling device
4.3.3.4 Parallel sampling device
108 4.3.4 Sequential sampling devices
4.3.4.1 General
4.3.4.2 Individual sequential sampling device
4.3.4.3 Parallel sequential sampling device
4.3.4.4 Other functionality
109 4.3.5 Tubing
4.3.6 Flow calibration device
4.3.7 Gas chromatograph
4.3.8 Thermal desorption (TD) apparatus
110 4.4 Sampler conditioning and blank profiling
4.4.1 General
4.4.2 Initial conditioning
4.4.3 Ongoing conditioning
111 4.4.4 Testing of blanks
4.5 Setting of sampling flow rate
4.6 Sampling
112 5 Air inlet/manifold sampling equipment
5.1 General
5.2 Sampling location
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Protective shield
5.2.3 Positioning of the inlet
113 5.3 Sample delivery
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Construction
5.3.3 Particle filter
5.3.4 Conditioning
114 6 Type testing
6.1 General
6.2 Relevant performance characteristics and performance criteria
117 6.3 Type testing programme
6.3.1 Laboratory tests
6.3.1.1 Sampling equipment design
118 6.3.1.2 Inlet design
6.3.1.3 Flow control system
6.3.1.4 Sampled volume
119 6.3.1.5 Constancy of flow through sequentially or parallel sampled tubes
6.3.1.6 Leak tightness of the sampling device
6.3.1.7 Storage of samplers within the sequential sampling device
121 6.3.1.8 Single tube sampling period
6.3.1.9 Uncertainty of the sampling time measurement
6.3.1.10 Recording of operational parameters
122 6.3.1.11 Impact of mains voltage failure
6.3.2 Evaluation of test results
124 7 Field operations and ongoing quality control
7.1 General
7.2 Frequency of calibrations, checks and maintenance
125 7.3 Maintenance of the sampling device
7.4 Checks of sampling device sensors
7.5 Calibration of sampling device sensors
7.6 Checks of the sampling system flow rate
126 7.7 Calibration of the sampling device flow rate
7.8 Leak check of the sampling system
7.9 Evaluation of sample losses in the sampling device
8 Determination of measurement uncertainty
8.1 General
127 8.2 Parameters contributing to measurement uncertainty
8.2.1 Parameters to be assessed and minimum requirements
128 8.2.2 Between-laboratory uncertainty
9 Report
10 Recommendations for use
129 Annex A (informative)Sorbent selection and characteristics
131 Annex B (informative)Analysis of exposed samples
B.1 Safety precautions
B.2 Thermal desorption
132 B.3 Determination of desorption efficiency
B.4 Calibration
133 B.5 Determination of sample concentration
B.6 Calculation of mass concentration of benzene
134 Annex C (informative)Determination of breakthrough volume from gas standards
C.1 Reagents
C.2 Apparatus
C.3 Determination
135 C.4 Calculations
136 Annex D (informative)Determination of breakthrough volumes from extrapolated retention volumes
D.1 Apparatus
D.2 Reagents
D.3 Determination
D.4 Expression of results
137 Annex E (informative)Assessment of performance indicators and uncertainty contributions
E.1 General
E.2 Sample volume
E.2.1 General
138 E.2.2 Sample flow calibration and measurement
139 E.2.3 Sampling time
E.2.4 Conversion of sampling volume to STP
E.2.4.1 Mass-flow controlled sampling devices
140 E.2.4.2 Volume-controlled sampling devices
141 E.3 Desorption efficiency and analytical repeatability
E.3.1 Introduction
E.3.2 Desorption efficiency
E.3.3 Analytical repeatability
142 E.4 Mass of benzene sampled
E.4.1 General
E.4.2 Sampling efficiency
E.4.3 Sample stability
143 E.4.4 Corrections to the measured mass of benzene
E.4.4.1 General
E.4.4.2 Calibration standards
E.4.4.3 Lack-of-fit of calibration function
144 E.4.4.4 Response drift between calibrations
E.4.4.5 Selectivity
145 E.4.5 Combined uncertainty in the measured mass of benzene
146 E.4.6 Combined uncertainty in the sampled mass of benzene
E.5 Mass of benzene in sample blank
E.6 Combined uncertainty in benzene concentration
147 E.7 Expanded uncertainty
E.8 Uncertainty from performance requirements
E.8.1 General
E.8.2 Analyte Ingress from air being sampled
149 E.8.3 Analyte Ingress from Surrounding Air
E.8.4 Loss of Retained Analyte
152 E.9 Between-laboratory uncertainty
153 E.10 Example for uncertainty budget calculation
155 Annex F (informative)Reproducibility, validation and comparison exercises
156 Annex G (informative)Performance characteristics
G.1 Prior art
157 G.2 Results of inter-laboratory comparisons
159 Annex H (informative)Sampling equipment
163 Annex I (informative)Significant technical changes

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BS EN 14662-1:2023 - TC
$280.87