BS EN 13001-2:2014
$198.66
Crane safety. General design – Load actions
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| BSI | 2014 | 68 |
This European Standard specifies load actions to be used together with the standard EN 13001-1 and EN 13001-3, and as such they specify conditions and requirements on design to prevent mechanical hazards of cranes, and provides a method of verification of those requirements.
NOTE Specific requirements for particular types of crane are given in the appropriate European Standard for the particular crane type.
The following is a list of significant hazardous situations and hazardous events that could result in risks to persons during normal use and foreseeable misuse. Clause 4 of this standard is necessary to reduce or eliminate the risks associated with the following hazards:
-
Instability of the crane or its parts (tilting).
-
Exceeding the limits of strength (yield, ultimate, fatigue).
-
Elastic instability of the crane or its parts (buckling, bulging).
-
Exceeding temperature limits of material or components.
-
Exceeding the deformation limits.
This document is not applicable to cranes that are manufactured before the date of its publication as EN.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 5 | Foreword |
| 6 | Introduction |
| 7 | 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Terms and definitions |
| 8 | 3.2 Symbols and abbreviations Table 1 — Symbols and abbreviations |
| 12 | 4 Safety requirements and/or measures 4.1 General 4.2 Loads 4.2.1 General 4.2.1.1 Introduction 4.2.1.2 Regular loads 4.2.1.3 Occasional loads |
| 13 | 4.2.1.4 Exceptional loads 4.2.2 Regular loads 4.2.2.1 Hoisting and gravity effects acting on the mass of the crane |
| 14 | 4.2.2.2 Hoisting an unrestrained grounded load Figure 1 — Dynamic effects when hoisting a grounded load Table 2 — Stiffness classes |
| 15 | Table 3 — Characteristic hoisting speeds vh for calculation of ϕ2 and ϕ2C Table 4 — Selection of ϕ2,min |
| 16 | 4.2.2.3 Sudden release of a part of the hoist load Figure 2 — Factor ϕ3 4.2.2.4 Loads caused by travelling on uneven surface |
| 17 | Figure 3 — Single mass model of a crane for determining the factor ϕ4 |
| 18 | 4.2.2.5 Loads caused by acceleration of drives |
| 19 | Figure 6 — Factor ϕ5 |
| 20 | Figure 7 — Forces acting on rail mounted cranes or trolleys with asymmetrical mass distribution, forces due to acceleration by travel drives 4.2.2.6 Loads determined by displacements 4.2.3 Occasional loads 4.2.3.1 Loads due to in-service wind |
| 21 | Table 5 — In-service wind states and design wind pressures |
| 22 | Figure 8 — Correlation of the mean wind velocity , the Beaufort scale and the in-service wind states 4.2.3.2 Snow and ice loads 4.2.3.3 Loads due to temperature variation 4.2.3.4 Loads caused by skewing |
| 23 | Figure 9 — Different combinations of wheel pairs |
| 24 | Figure 10 — Positions of wheel pairs |
| 25 | Figure 11 — Loads acting on crane in skewed position |
| 26 | Table 6 — Skew angle |
| 27 | Table 7 — Values of ξ1i, ξ2i, ν1i and ν2i 4.2.4 Exceptional loads 4.2.4.1 Loads caused by hoisting a grounded load at maximum hoisting speed 4.2.4.2 Loads due to out-of-service wind |
| 30 | Figure 12 — Map of Europe indicating regions where the same reference storm wind velocities are applicable |
| 31 | Table 8 — Reference storm wind velocities in dependence on regions in Europe as shown in Figure 12 4.2.4.3 Test loads 4.2.4.4 Loads due to buffer forces |
| 32 | Figure 13 — Factor ξ for different buffers characteristics |
| 33 | 4.2.4.5 Loads due to tilting forces 4.2.4.6 Loads caused by emergency cut-out 4.2.4.7 Loads due to dynamic cut-off of hoisting movement by lifting force limiters |
| 34 | 4.2.4.8 Loads due to dynamic cut-off of radial movement by lifting moment limiter 4.2.4.9 Unintentional loss of hoist load |
| 35 | 4.2.4.10 Loads caused by apprehended failure of mechanism or components 4.2.4.11 Loads due to external excitation of the crane support 4.2.4.12 Loads caused by erection, dismantling and transport 4.2.4.13 Loads on means provided for access 4.3 Load combinations 4.3.1 General |
| 36 | 4.3.2 High risk situations 4.3.3 Favourable and unfavourable masses |
| 37 | Figure 14 — Illustration of favourable and unfavourable masses 4.3.4 Partial safety factors for the mass of the crane Table 9 — Values of factor for the mass of the crane |
| 38 | 4.3.5 Partial safety factors to be applied to loads determined by displacements Table 10 — Values of the partial safety factors to be applied to loads due to intended displacements Table 11 — Values of the partial safety factors to be applied to loads due to unintended displacements |
| 39 | 4.3.6 Load combinations for the proof of competence |
| 40 | Table 12a — Loads, load combinations and partial safety factors |
| 41 | Table 12b — Loads, load combinations and partial safety factors |
| 42 | 4.3.7 The proof of crane stability |
| 43 | Table 13 — Load combinations and partial safety factors for the proof of crane stability |
| 44 | Annex A (informative) Aerodynamic coefficients A.1 General Figure A.1 — Reduction factor ψ related to the aerodynamic slenderness ratio λ and the solidity ratio φ |
| 45 | Figure A.2 — Example of a lattice structure member |
| 46 | Table A.1 — Relative aerodynamic length αr |
| 47 | Some aerodynamic coefficients of individual members and of lattice structure members are given in dependence on the Reynolds number Re which is established as follows A.2 Individual members |
| 48 | Table A.2 — Aerodynamic coefficients co for individual members of circular sections |
| 49 | Figure A.3 — More detailed aerodynamic coefficients co for individual members of circular sections related to Re Figure A.4 — Definition of the angle β of the wind direction and corresponding wind forces |
| 50 | Table A.3 — Aerodynamic coefficients coy, coz for individual flat sided structural members |
| 52 | Table A.4 — Aerodynamic coefficients co for individual structural members of triangular and rectangular hollow sections |
| 53 | A.3 Plane and spatial lattice structure members Table A.5 — Characteristic areas A and aerodynamic coefficients co for plane and spatial lattice structure members |
| 54 | Figure A.5 — Aerodynamic coefficients co of plane lattice structure members in dependence on φ, having circular and non-circular individual members Figure A.6 — Aerodynamic coefficients co of spatial lattice structure members in dependence on φ, having circular and non-circular individual members Figure A.7 — Aerodynamic coefficients co of plane lattice structure members in dependence on Re and φ, having circular individual members |
| 55 | Figure A.8 — Aerodynamic coefficients co of spatial lattice structure members with triangular (a) and square cross section (b) in dependence on Re and φ, having circular individual members A.4 Structural members in multiple arrangement |
| 56 | Table A.6 — Characteristic areas A and aerodynamic coefficients co of structural members in multiple arrangement Figure A.9 — Shielding factor η for structural members in multiple arrangement |
| 57 | Annex B (informative) Illustration of the types of hoist drives Figure B.1 — ω and F Table B.1 — Hoist drive types |
| 60 | Annex C (informative) Calculation of load factor for indirect lifting force limiter Figure C.1 — Hoist system with indirect lifting force limiter, force in the hoist system and motor speed by time in stall load condition |
| 62 | Annex D (informative) Guidance on selection of the risk coefficient Table D.1 — Classes for enhanced risks |
| 63 | Table D.2 —Selection of risk coefficients |
| 64 | Annex E (informative) Selection of a suitable set of crane standards for a given application |
| 65 | Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC |
| 66 | Bibliography |
