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BS 7533-101:2021

BS 7533-101:2021

$215.11

Pavements constructed with clay, concrete or natural stone paving units – Code of practice for the structural design of pavements using modular paving units

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2021 92
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PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
7 Foreword
9 1 Scope
2 Normative references
11 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
16 Figure 1 ā€” Pavement layers
Figure 2 ā€” Pavement layers over a structural slab
17 4 General design criteria
4.1 Design options
4.2 Evaluation of traffic
18 Table 1 ā€” Standard axles per commercial vehicle
Table 2a ā€” Traffic categories for unbound construction
19 Table 2b ā€” Traffic categories for bound construction
20 Table 3 ā€” Recommended maximum traffic categories for paving unit types
4.3 Slip/skid resistance for concrete, clay and stone paving units
21 Table 4 ā€” Recommended USRV and PPV/PSRV for concrete, clay and stone paving units
5 Materials
5.1 Foundation materials
5.2 Base materials
22 5.3 Laying course materials for unbound surface construction
Table 5 ā€” Grading of laying course for unbound laying material in all traffic categories
Table 6 ā€” Fines content of unbound laying course material
23 Table 7 ā€” Grading for unbound laying course material for natural stone slabs in all traffic categories and cropped natural stone setts in traffic categories 1 to 4
Table 8 ā€” Grading for unbound laying course material for cropped natural stone setts in traffic categories 5 to 9
5.4 Laying course materials for bound surface construction
24 Table 9 ā€” Bedding mortar characteristics
25 Table 10 ā€” Recommended aggregate properties for site-batched non-proprietary bedding mortar
5.5 Jointing materials for unbound surface construction
Table 11 ā€” Grading for jointing material for concrete, clay and sawn sided stone paving units
26 5.6 Jointing materials for bound surface construction
Table 12 ā€” Jointing mortar characteristics
5.7 Paving units
29 Table 13 ā€” Maximum recommended abrasion resistance A)
30 Table 14 ā€” Maximum recommended water absorption A)
5.8 Kerbs
31 6 Design
6.1 Subgrade assessment
Table 15 ā€” Estimated CBR values based on equilibrium suction-index
33 6.2 Foundation design
Table 16 ā€” Foundation design thickness ā€“ sub-base only design
34 Table 17 ā€” Foundation design thickness ā€“ Sub-base on capping design
35 6.3 Frost susceptibility
6.4 Types of construction
36 6.5 Concrete blocks, clay pavers and unbound sawn-sided stone setts
37 Table 18 ā€” Concrete block, clay paver and unbound sawn-sided sandstone sett design thicknesses
38 Table 19 ā€” Recommended maximum traffic categories for typical laying patterns
6.6 Concrete flags and stone slabs
39 Table 20 ā€” Minimum flag thickness for Bound B installation only
Table 21 ā€” Maximum recommended traffic categories for standard concrete flag designations
40 Table 22 ā€” Stone slab and concrete flag design load
Table 23 ā€” Surface construction factor for stone slab and non-standard concrete flag design
Table 24 ā€” Base design thickness for flags and slabs
41 6.7 Natural stone setts
42 Table 25 ā€” Minimum sett width
Table 26 ā€” Pattern factor for laying patterns using natural stone setts
43 Table 27 ā€” Unfactored module thickness (T)
Table 28 ā€” Base design thickness for natural stone setts laid unbound and bound
44 Table 29 ā€” Joint widths for cropped setts laid unbound
Table 30 ā€” Minimum joint widths for setts laid bound
6.8 Kerbing and linear drainage
45 Table 31 ā€” Concrete for kerb bases
Table 32 ā€” Kerb bedding mortar
46 6.9 Construction over a structural deck
6.10 Management of moisture in the pavement structure
7 Pavement overlay design
7.1 Evaluation of existing pavement
47 7.2 Determination of overlay feasibility
48 Table 33 ā€” Material conversion factors (MCF) for evaluating highway pavement materials
Table 34 ā€” Condition factor CF1
Table 35 ā€” Condition factor CF2
8 Construction details
8.1 Restraint
49 8.2 Surface falls and drainage
Table 36 ā€” Recommended surface gradients
8.3 Detailing around curves and corners
8.4 Vehicular crossings
8.5 Detailing around features
50 8.6 Steps using modular paving units
51 8.7 Movement joints
54 Annex A (normative)ā€‚ Conditions to be applied to the test procedure specified in BS EN 1097ā€‘1:2011 for determination of the resistance to wear (modified micro-Deval) of laying course material for unbound construction
55 Annex B (normative)ā€‚ A simple permeameter test
56 Annex C (informative)ā€‚ Factory production control test for proprietary bedding mortar
57 Annex D (informative)ā€‚ Commentary on natural stone properties
60 Annex E (informative)ā€‚ Examples of laying patterns
Figure E.1 ā€” Concrete block, clay paver and sett laying patterns
61 Figure E.2 ā€” Typical concrete block, clay paver and sawn sett edge details
Figure E.3 ā€” Examples of laying patterns that incorporate complimentary fittings
62 Figure E.4 ā€” Inboard cuts and half cuts adjacent to a single stretcher course
63 Figure E.5 ā€” Examples of laying patterns for natural stone setts
64 Figure E.6 ā€” Concrete flag and stone sett laying patterns for bound and unbound construction
Annex F (informative)ā€‚ Examples of the minimum thickness of natural stone slabs laid bound or unbound in all appropriate traffic categories
Table F.1 ā€” Stone slabs ā‰¤600 mm (unbound) with flexural strength 8.0 MPa
65 Table F.2 ā€” Stone slabs ā‰¤600 mm (unbound) with flexural strength 12.0 MPa
Table F.3 ā€” Stone slabs ā‰¤600 mm (unbound) with flexural strength 15.0 MPa
Table F.4 ā€” Stone slabs ā‰¤600 mm (unbound) with flexural strength 25.0 MPa
Table F.5 ā€” Stone slabs >600 mm (unbound) with flexural strength 8.0 MPa
Table F.6 ā€” Stone slabs >600 mm (unbound) with flexural strength 12.0 MPa
66 Table F.7 ā€” Stone slabs >600 mm (unbound) with flexural strength 15.0 MPa
Table F.8 ā€” Stone slabs >600 mm (unbound) with flexural strength 25.0 MPa
Table F.9 ā€” Stone slabs ā‰¤600 mm (Bound system A) with flexural strength 8.0 MPa
Table F.10 ā€” Stone slabs ā‰¤600 mm (Bound system A) with flexural strength 12.0 MPa
67 Table F.11 ā€” Stone slabs ā‰¤600 mm (Bound system A) with flexural strength 15.0 MPa
Table F.12 ā€” Stone slabs ā‰¤600 mm (Bound system A) with flexural strength 25.0 MPa
Table F.13 ā€” Stone slabs >600 mm (Bound system A) with flexural strength 8.0 MPa
Table F.14 ā€” Stone slabs >600 mm (Bound system A) with flexural strength 12.0 MPa
Table F.15 ā€” Stone slabs >600 mm (Bound system A) with flexural strength 15.0 MPa
Table F.16 ā€” Stone slabs >600 mm (Bound system A) with flexural strength 25.0 MPa
68 Table F.17 ā€” Stone slabs (Bound system B) with flexural strength 8.0 MPa
Table F.18 ā€” Stone slabs (Bound system B) with flexural strength 12.0 MPa
Table F.19 ā€” Stone slabs (Bound system B) with flexural strength 15.0 MPa
Table F.20 ā€” Stone slabs (Bound system B) with flexural strength 25.0 MPa
69 Annex G (informative)ā€‚ Typical sett thickness for various traffic categories
70 Table G.1 ā€” Minimum design thickness for unbound surface construction using cropped setts
71 Table G.2 ā€” Minimum design thickness for bound surface construction system A using natural stone setts
72 Table G.3 ā€” Minimum design thickness for bound surface construction system B using natural stone setts
73 Annex H (informative)ā€‚ Procedure for determining the design depth of setts with length greater than twice the width
74 Annex I (informative)ā€‚ Typical edge restraint and linear drainage details
Figure I.1 ā€” Example of intermediate restraint between areas of construction (light traffic)
Figure I.2 ā€” Example of intermediate restraint between areas of construction (light traffic)
75 Figure I.3 ā€” Example of transition restraint between modular construction and different construction
Figure I.4 ā€” Example of visible concrete transition restraint between modular construction and different construction
76 Figure I.5 ā€” Example of a hidden concrete transition between modular construction and different construction
Figure I.6 ā€” Example of a deep channel transition restraint between modular construction and different construction
77 Figure I.7 ā€” Example of a shallow channel transition restraint between modular construction and different construction
Figure I.8 ā€” Example of a linear drainage channel interface with an unbound modular pavement
78 Figure I.9 ā€” Typical details around types of drainage channels in unbound modular paving
79 Figure I.10 ā€” Example of a linear drainage channel in bound construction modular paving, employing low modulus movement joints to protect drainage channel from thermal movement in adjacent paving (transverse joint)
Annex J (informative)ā€‚ Pavement overlay worked examples
Table J.1 ā€” Overlay example existing pavement layers
80 Table J.2 ā€” Overlay example determination of existing equivalent asphalt thickness
Table J.3 ā€” Overlay example determination of required equivalent asphalt thickness
Table J.4 ā€” Inlay example existing pavement layers
81 Table J.5 ā€” Inlay example determination of existing equivalent asphalt thickness
Table J.6 ā€” Inlay example determination of required equivalent asphalt thickness
82 Annex K (informative)ā€‚ Typical construction details
Figure K.1 ā€” Trimming around obstructions ā€“ detail at ironwork
83 Figure K.2 ā€” Example of a ramped crossing
84 Figure K.3 ā€” Example of a dropped crossing
Figure K.4 ā€” Example of a run-out corner
85 Figure K.5 ā€” Example of a new town corner
Figure K.6 ā€” Example of a bonded corner
86 Figure K.7 ā€” Example of a splayed corner
Figure K.8 ā€” Example of a profile of a step constructed using small paving units
87 Figure K.9 ā€” Example of a monolithic step laid onto a profiled concrete foundation (step on step)
Figure K.10 ā€” Example of a monolithic step laid onto a profiled concrete foundation (step behind step)
88 Figure K.11 ā€” Example of a flag/slab tread and riser laid onto a profiled concrete foundation
Annex L (informative)ā€‚ Typical movement joint details
Figure L.1 ā€” Example of an induced contraction joint in bound surface construction
89 Figure L.2 ā€” Example of a pavement expansion joint using shallow channels
Figure L.3 ā€” Example of a pavement expansion joint using deep channels
90 Bibliography

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BS 7533-101:2021
$215.11