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ASME MFC 7 2016 R2021

ASME MFC 7 2016 R2021

$98.04

ASME MFC-7 – 2016(R2021) Measurement of Gas Flow by Means of Critical Flow Venturis and Critical Flow Nozzles

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
ASME 2016 58
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This Standard applies only to the steady flow of single-phase gases and deals with devices for which direct calibration experiments have been made, sufficient in number and quantity to enable inherent systems of applications to be based on their results and coefficients to be given with certain predictable limits of uncertainty. The critical flow venturi nozzles dealt with can only be used within limits that are specified, for example nozzle throat to inlet diameter ratio and Reynolds number. This Standard specifies the geometry and method of use (installation and operating conditions) of critical flow venturi nozzles inserted in a system to determine the mass flow rate of the gas flow rate of the gas flowing through the system. It also gives necessary information for calculating the flow rate and its associated uncertainty. This Standard applies only to venturi nozzles in which the flow is critical. Critical flow exists when the mass flow rate through the venturi nozzle is the maximum possible for the existing upstream conditions. At critical flow or choked conditions, the average gas velocity at the nozzle throat closely approximates the local sonic velocity. Information is given in this Standard for cases in which: (a) the pipeline upstream of the venturi nozzle is of circular cross section; or (b) it can be assumed that there is a large space upstream of the venturi nozzle. The venturi nozzles specified in this Standard are called primary devices. Other instruments for the measurement are known as secondary devices. This Standard covers primary devices; secondary devices will be mentioned only occasionally.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
4 CONTENTS
Figures
Tables
5 FOREWORD
6 ASME MFC COMMITTEE ROSTER
7 CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE MFC COMMITTEE
10 1 SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION
2 REFERENCES
3 SYMBOLS AND DEFINITIONS
3.1 Symbols and Nomenclature
3.2 Definitions
3.2.1 Temperature Measurement
11 Table 3.1-1 Nomenclature Used in This Standard
12 3.2.2 Critical Flow Venturis
3.2.3 Pressure Measurement
13 3.2.4 Flow
3.2.5 Thermodynamic Properties
14 3.2.6 Dimensionless Quantities
4 BASIC EQUATIONS
4.1 State Equation
4.2 CFV Mass Flow Equations
15 5 APPLICATIONS FOR WHICH THE METHOD IS SUITABLE
6 STANDARD CRITICAL FLOW VENTURIS
6.1 General Requirements
6.1.1 Discharge Coefficient.
6.1.2 Materials.
16 6.1.3 Surface Finish.
6.2 Standard CFV Geometries
6.2.1 Toroidal Throat CFVs.
6.2.2 Cylindrical Throat CFVs.
17 Fig. 6.2.1-1 Toroidal Throat CFV Geometry
18 7 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS
7.1 General
Fig. 6.2.2-1 Cylindrical Throat CFV Geometry
19 7.2 Upstream Pipeline
7.3 Large Upstream Volume Plenum
Fig. 7.1-1 Inlet Conduit Schematic
20 7.4 Downstream Requirements
7.5 Pressure Measurement
7.6 Drain Holes
Fig. 7.5-1 Pressure Tap Schematic
21 7.7 Temperature Measurement
8 CALCULATION METHODS
8.1 Discharge Coefficient
Table 8.1-1 Coefficients for Calculating Empirical Cd Values
22 8.2 Computation of Real Gas Critical Flow Function
23 Fig. 8.2-1 Percent Difference Between the Ideal Gas Critical Flow Function, Ci*, and the Real Gas Critical Flow Function, CR*, at T0 = 295 K
24 Fig. 8.2-2 Percent Difference Between the Polytropic Gas Critical Flow Function, Cp*, and the Real Gas CriticalFlow Function, CR*, at T0 = 295 K
25 8.3 Conversion of Measured Pressure and Temperature to Stagnation Conditions
8.4 Maximum Permissible Downstream Pressure Maximum Back Pressure Ratio
26 Fig. 8.3-1 Difference Between Static and Stagnation Pressure for Various Beta Ratios and Isentropic Exponent Values
27 9 UNCERTAINTY OF CFV FLOW MEASUREMENTS
9.1 General Considerations
Fig. 8.4-1 Recommended Maximum Back Pressure Ratio Versus Diffuser Area Ratio for Various Isentropic Exponent Values
28 9.2 Practical Computation of Uncertainty
29 9.3 Correlated Uncertainty Components
Fig. 9.2-1 Percent Uncertainty in CFV Throat Area due to Uncertainty in Throat Diameter Measurement
32 Table A-1 Toroidal Throat CFV Discharge Coefficient
NONMANDATORY APPENDIX A CFV DISCHARGE COEFFICIENTS
33 Table A-2 Cylindrical Throat CFV Discharge Coefficient
34 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX B EXAMPLE FLOW AND UNCERTAINTY CALCULATIONS
B-1 INTRODUCTION
B-2 CALCULATIONS
B-2.1 Cd From Correlations
38 Table B-2.1-1 Uncertainty Calculation and Results
39 B-2.2 Cd Determined Through Flow Calibration
43 Table B-2.2-1 Uncertainty Calculation and Results
44 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX C CFV MASS FLOW EQUATION AND REAL GAS CRITICAL FLOW FUNCTION
C-1 GENERAL FLOW EQUATIONS
C-1.1 Formulation of the CFV Mass Flow Equation
47 C-1.2 Formulation of the Real Gas Critical Flow Function
C-2 GOVERNING EQUATIONS TO COMPUTE THE REAL GAS CRITICAL FLOW FUNCTION
C-2.1 Procedure to Calculate the Real Gas Critical Flow Function
C-2.1.1 Introduction.
48 C-2.1.2 Outline of Numerical Algorithm That Determines CR* Using the Secant Method.
49 Table C-2.2-1 Sample Values of C*R Calculatedwith REFPROP
C-2.2 Example Calculations of the Real Gas Critical Flow Function
50 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX D HUMID AIR COMPOSITION
D-1 DETERMINING HUMID AIR COMPOSITION USING DEW POINT TEMPERATURE
51 D-2 DETERMINING HUMID AIR COMPOSITION USING RELATIVE HUMIDITY
52 Table D-1-1 Results for Humid Air Calculations Using Dew Point Temperature of 277.05 K (39°F)
53 Table D-1-2 Results for Humid Air Calculations Using Dew Point Temperature of −313.15 K (−40°F)
55 Table D-2-1 Results for Humid Air Calculations Using Relative Humidity
56 Fig. E-1 CFV Unchoking Test Setup
NONMANDATORY APPENDIX E CFV UNCHOKING TEST PROCEDURE

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