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ASHRAE Standard 90.1 2016 IP

ASHRAE Standard 90.1 2016 IP

$95.88

ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2016 (I-P Edition) — Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings (ANSI Approved; IES Co-sponsored)

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ASHRAE 2016
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Standard 90.1 has been a benchmark for commercial building energy codes in the United States and a key basis for codes and standards around the world for more than 35 years. This standard provides the minimum requirements for energy-efficient design of most buildings, except low-rise residential buildings. It offers, in detail, the minimum energy efficiency requirements for design and construction of new buildings and their systems, new portions of buildings and their systems, and new systems and equipment in existing buildings, as well as criteria for determining compliance with these requirements. It is an indispensable reference for engineers and other professionals involved in design of buildings and building systems. This 2016 edition comprises numerous energy-saving measures and incorporates changes from more than 125 addenda. It also includes the following: Format changes to improve usability and readability: One-column format for easier reading Exceptions separated, indented, and set apart with a smaller font size Italicized defined terms Changes to table formats to provide contrast between rows Structural changes: A new Reference Standard Reproduction Annex 1 is provided at the end of the document. Section 5.1.4 now cites ASHRAE Standard 169 as the source for climatic data, and Annex 1 contains extracts of tables and figures from that standard for the reader’s convenience. Two new climate zones (0A/B) have been added to all prescriptive requirements tables. Significant technical content changes: Building Envelope Envelope verification in support of reduced air infiltration and increased requirements for air leakage of overhead coiling doors. Increased stringency requirements for metal building roofs and walls, fenestration, and opaque doors. Improved clarity on defining exterior walls, building orientation, fault assumptions for the effective R-value of air spaces, and calculation procedures for insulating metal building walls. Lighting Modified requirements for exterior and interior lighting power densities to reflect new lighting levels in the IES Lighting Handbook. Modified requirements for lighting control to add additional controls in some space types and options to others to allow easier application of advanced controls. Mechanical Large, electrically driven chilled-water plants are now required to be monitored for electric energy use and efficiency. Dedicated outdoor air systems now include both efficiency and rating requirements for compliance. Requirements are introduced for designs to include both use category and efficiency class. Requirement that air-cooled DX cooling units with economizers have a monitoring system to determine that the air economizer is working properly. Energy Cost Budget (ECB) and Modeling Appendix G now can be used as a path for compliance with the standard. Changes to elevator, motor, and refrigeration baselines; changes to the baseline for existing building projects; and changes to specific opaque assemblies for the baseline envelope model. Modeling rule changes were made to heat pump auxiliary heat, economizer shutoff, lighting controls, humidification systems, cooling towers, and the simulation of preheat coils.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
1 ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2016 (I-P Edition)
5 Contents
7 Foreword
9 1. Purpose
1.1
11 2. Scope
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
13 3. Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms
3.1 General
3.2 Definitions
41 3.3 Abbreviations and Acronyms
45 4. Administration and Enforcement
4.1 General
4.1.1 Scope
4.1.1.1 New Buildings
4.1.1.2 Additions to Existing Buildings
4.1.1.3 Alterations of Existing Buildings
4.1.1.4 Replacement of Portions of Existing Buildings
4.1.1.5 Changes in Space Conditioning
4.1.2 Administrative Requirements
4.1.3 Alternative Materials, Methods of Construction, or Design
4.1.4 Validity
46 4.1.5 Other Laws
4.1.6 Referenced Standards
4.1.7 Normative Appendices
4.1.8 Informative Appendices
4.1.9 Reference Standard Reproduction Annexes
4.2 Compliance
4.2.1 Compliance Paths
4.2.1.1 New Buildings
47 4.2.1.2 Additions to Existing Buildings
4.2.1.2.1
4.2.1.3 Alterations of Existing Buildings
4.2.2 Compliance Documentation
4.2.2.1 Construction Details
4.2.2.2 Supplemental Information
48 4.2.2.3 Manuals
4.2.3 Labeling of Material and Equipment
4.2.4 Inspections
4.2.5 Verification and Commissioning Reporting
4.2.5.1 Nonconformance
49 5. Building Envelope
5.1 General
5.1.1 Scope
5.1.2 Space-Conditioning Categories
5.1.2.1
5.1.2.2
5.1.2.3
5.1.3 Envelope Alterations
50 5.1.4 Climate
5.1.4.1 United States Locations
5.1.4.2 International Locations
5.2 Compliance Paths
5.2.1 Compliance
51 5.2.2
5.3 Simplified Building (Not Used)
5.4 Mandatory Provisions
5.4.1 Insulation
5.4.2 Fenestration and Doors
5.4.3 Air Leakage
5.4.3.1 Continuous Air Barrier
5.4.3.1.1 Continuous Air Barrier Design
5.4.3.1.2 Continuous Air Barrier Installation
5.4.3.1.3 Testing, Acceptable Materials, and Assemblies
52 5.4.3.2 Fenestration and Doors
53 5.4.3.3 Loading Dock Weatherseals
5.4.3.4 Vestibules
54 5.4.3.4.1
5.5 Prescriptive Building Envelope Option
5.5.1
5.5.2
5.5.3 Opaque Areas
5.5.3.1 Roof Insulation
5.5.3.1.1 Roof Solar Reflectance and Thermal Emittance
65 5.5.3.2 Above-Grade Wall Insulation
5.5.3.3 Below-Grade Wall Insulation
5.5.3.4 Floor Insulation
5.5.3.5 Slab-on-Grade Floor Insulation
66 5.5.3.6 Opaque Doors
5.5.4 Fenestration
5.5.4.1 General
5.5.4.2 Fenestration Area
5.5.4.2.1 Vertical Fenestration Area
5.5.4.2.2 Maximum Skylight Fenestration Area
5.5.4.2.3 Minimum Skylight Fenestration Area
67 5.5.4.3 Fenestration U-Factor
5.5.4.4 Fenestration Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC)
5.5.4.4.1 SHGC of Vertical Fenestration
68 5.5.4.4.2 SHGC of Skylights
69 5.5.4.5 Fenestration Orientation
5.5.4.6 Visible Transmittance/SHGC Ratio
70 5.6 Building Envelope Trade-Off Option
5.6.1
5.6.1.1
5.6.1.2 Trade-Offs Limited to Building Permit
5.6.1.3
5.7 Submittals
5.7.1 General
5.7.2 Submittal Document Labeling of Space-Conditioning Categories
5.7.3 Visible Transmittance
71 5.7.4 Submittal Documentation of Daylight Areas
5.8 Product Information and Installation Requirements
5.8.1 Insulation
5.8.1.1 Labeling of Building Envelope Insulation
5.8.1.2 Compliance with Manufacturers’ Requirements
5.8.1.3 Loose-Fill Insulation Limitation
5.8.1.4 Baffles
5.8.1.5 Substantial Contact
5.8.1.6 Recessed Equipment
72 5.8.1.7 Insulation Protection
5.8.1.7.1
5.8.1.7.2
5.8.1.7.3
5.8.1.8 Location of Roof Insulation
5.8.1.9 Extent of Insulation
5.8.1.10 Joints in Rigid Insulation
5.8.2 Fenestration and Doors
5.8.2.1 Rating of Fenestration Products
5.8.2.2 Labeling of Fenestration and Door Products
5.8.2.3 U-Factor
73 5.8.2.4 Solar Heat Gain Coefficient
5.8.2.5 Visible Transmittance
5.9 Inspection and Verification
5.9.1 Inspections
5.9.1.1 Inspection of Fenestration and Door Requirements
5.9.1.2 Inspection of Loading Dock Weatherseals
5.9.1.3 Inspection of Opaque Building Envelope Air Tightness Requirements
5.9.1.4 Fenestration Inspections
74 5.9.2 Verification
5.9.2.1 Building Envelope Performance Verification
5.9.2.2 Air Leakage Verification
75 6. Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning
6.1 General
6.1.1 Scope
6.1.1.1 New Buildings
6.1.1.2 Additions to Existing Buildings
6.1.1.3 Alterations to Heating, Ventilating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration in Existing Buildings
6.1.1.3.1
76 6.1.1.3.2
6.1.1.3.3
6.1.1.3.4
6.1.1.3.5
6.1.2 Climate
6.2 Compliance Paths
6.2.1 Compliance
6.2.2
6.3 Simplified Approach Option for HVAC Systems
77 6.3.1 Scope
6.3.2 Criteria
78 6.4 Mandatory Provisions
6.4.1 Equipment Efficiencies, Verification, and Labeling Requirements
6.4.1.1 Minimum Equipment Efficiencies—Listed Equipment—Standard Rating and Operating Conditions
79 6.4.1.2 Minimum Equipment Efficiencies—Listed Equipment—Nonstandard Conditions
6.4.1.2.1 Water-Cooled Centrifugal Chilling Packages
80 6.4.1.2.2 Positive Displacement (Air- and Water-Cooled) Chilling Packages
6.4.1.3 Equipment Not Listed
6.4.1.4 Verification of Equipment Efficiencies
81 6.4.1.5 Labeling
6.4.1.5.1 Mechanical Equipment
6.4.1.5.2 Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners
6.4.2 Calculations
6.4.2.1 Load Calculations
6.4.2.2 Pump Head
6.4.3 Controls and Diagnostics
6.4.3.1 Zone Thermostatic Controls
6.4.3.1.1 General
6.4.3.1.2 Dead Band
6.4.3.2 Set-Point Overlap Restriction
82 6.4.3.3 Off-Hour Controls
6.4.3.3.1 Automatic Shutdown
6.4.3.3.2 Setback Controls
6.4.3.3.3 Optimum Start Controls
6.4.3.3.4 Zone Isolation
83 6.4.3.3.5 Automatic Control of HVAC in Hotel/Motel Guest Rooms
6.4.3.3.5.1 Guest Room HVAC Set-Point Control
6.4.3.3.5.2 Guest Room Ventilation Control
6.4.3.3.5.3 Automatic Control
84 6.4.3.4 Ventilation System Controls
6.4.3.4.1 Stair and Shaft Vents
6.4.3.4.2 Shutoff Damper Controls
6.4.3.4.3 Damper Leakage
6.4.3.4.4 Ventilation Fan Controls
85 6.4.3.4.5 Enclosed Parking Garage Ventilation
6.4.3.5 Heat Pump Auxiliary Heat Control
6.4.3.6 Humidification and Dehumidification
6.4.3.7 Freeze Protection and Snow/Ice Melting Systems
86 6.4.3.8 Ventilation Controls for High-Occupancy Areas
6.4.3.9 Heated or Cooled Vestibules
6.4.3.10 Direct Digital Control (DDC) Requirements
6.4.3.10.1 DDC Applications
6.4.3.10.2 DDC Controls
87 6.4.3.10.3 DDC Display
6.4.3.11 Chilled-Water Plant Monitoring
6.4.3.11.1 Monitoring
6.4.3.11.2 Electric-Motor-Driven Chiller System Recording and Reporting
6.4.3.12 Economizer Fault Detection and Diagnostics (FDD)
88 6.4.4 HVAC System Construction and Insulation
6.4.4.1 Insulation
6.4.4.1.1 General
6.4.4.1.2 Duct and Plenum Insulation
89 6.4.4.1.3 Piping Insulation
6.4.4.1.4 Sensible Heating Panel Insulation
6.4.4.1.5 Radiant Floor Heating
6.4.4.2 Ductwork and Plenum Leakage
6.4.4.2.1 Duct Sealing
6.4.4.2.2 Duct Leakage Tests
90 6.4.5 Walk-In Coolers and Walk-In Freezers
6.4.6 Refrigerated Display Case
91 6.5 Prescriptive Path
6.5.1 Economizers
92 6.5.1.1 Air Economizers
6.5.1.1.1 Design Capacity
6.5.1.1.2 Control Signal
93 6.5.1.1.3 High-Limit Shutoff
6.5.1.1.4 Dampers
6.5.1.1.5 Relief of Excess Outdoor Air
6.5.1.1.6 Sensor Accuracy
6.5.1.2 Fluid Economizers
6.5.1.2.1 Design Capacity
94 6.5.1.2.2 Maximum Hydronic Pressure Drop
6.5.1.3 Integrated Economizer Control
95 6.5.1.4 Economizer Heating System Impact
6.5.1.5 Economizer Humidification System Impact
6.5.2 Simultaneous Heating and Cooling Limitation
6.5.2.1 Zone Controls
96 6.5.2.1.1 Supply Air Temperature Reheat Limit
6.5.2.2 Hydronic System Controls
6.5.2.2.1 Three-Pipe System
6.5.2.2.2 Two-Pipe Changeover System
6.5.2.2.3 Hydronic (Water Loop) Heat Pump Systems
97 6.5.2.3 Dehumidification
6.5.2.4 Humidification
6.5.2.4.1
6.5.2.4.2
98 6.5.2.5 Preheat Coils
6.5.2.6 Ventilation Air Heating Control
6.5.3 Air System Design and Control
6.5.3.1 Fan System Power and Efficiency
6.5.3.1.1
6.5.3.1.2 Motor Nameplate Horsepower
6.5.3.1.3 Fan Efficiency
99 6.5.3.2 Fan Control
6.5.3.2.1 Supply Fan Airflow Control
100 6.5.3.2.2 VAV Static Pressure Sensor Location
6.5.3.2.3 VAV Set-Point Reset
6.5.3.2.4 Return and Relief Fan Control
101 6.5.3.3 Multiple-Zone VAV System Ventilation Optimization Control
6.5.3.4 Parallel-Flow Fan-Powered VAV Air Terminal Control
6.5.3.5 Supply Air Temperature Reset Controls
6.5.3.6 Fractional Horsepower Fan Motors
102 6.5.3.7 Ventilation Design
6.5.4 Hydronic System Design and Control
6.5.4.1 Boiler Turndown
6.5.4.2 Hydronic Variable Flow Systems
103 6.5.4.3 Chiller and Boiler Isolation
6.5.4.3.1
6.5.4.3.2
6.5.4.4 Chilled- and Hot-Water Temperature Reset Controls
6.5.4.5 Hydronic (Water Loop) Heat Pumps and Water-Cooled Unitary Air Conditioners
6.5.4.5.1
104 6.5.4.5.2
6.5.4.6 Pipe Sizing
6.5.4.7 Chilled-Water Coil Selection
105 6.5.5 Heat-Rejection Equipment
6.5.5.1 General
6.5.5.2 Fan Speed Control
6.5.5.2.1
6.5.5.2.2
6.5.5.3 Limitation on Centrifugal Fan Open-Circuit Cooling Towers
6.5.5.4 Tower Flow Turndown
6.5.6 Energy Recovery
106 6.5.6.1 Exhaust Air Energy Recovery
6.5.6.2 Heat Recovery for Service Water Heating
6.5.6.2.1
6.5.6.2.2
107 6.5.7 Exhaust Systems
6.5.7.1 Transfer Air
108 6.5.7.2 Kitchen Exhaust Systems
6.5.7.2.1
6.5.7.2.2
6.5.7.2.3
6.5.7.2.4 Performance Testing
109 6.5.7.3 Laboratory Exhaust Systems
6.5.8 Radiant Heating Systems
6.5.8.1 Heating Unenclosed Spaces
6.5.8.2 Heating Enclosed Spaces
6.5.9 Hot-Gas Bypass Limitation
110 6.5.10 Door Switches
6.5.11 Refrigeration Systems
6.5.11.1 Condensers Serving Refrigeration Systems
111 6.5.11.2 Compressor Systems
6.6 Alternative Compliance Path
6.6.1 Computer Rooms Systems
112 6.6.1.1
6.6.1.2
6.6.1.3
6.7 Submittals
6.7.1 General
6.7.2 Completion Requirements
6.7.2.1 Drawings
6.7.2.2 Manuals
113 6.7.2.3 System Balancing
6.7.2.3.1 General
6.7.2.3.2 Air System Balancing
6.7.2.3.3 Hydronic System Balancing
6.7.2.4 System Commissioning
6.8 Minimum Equipment Efficiency Tables
6.8.1 Minimum Efficiency Requirement Listed Equipment— Standard Rating and Operating Conditions
6.8.2 Duct Insulation Tables
6.8.3 Piping Insulation Tables
133 7. Service Water Heating
7.1 General
7.1.1 Service Water-Heating Scope
7.1.1.1 New Buildings
7.1.1.2 Additions to Existing Buildings
7.1.1.3 Alterations to Existing Buildings
7.2 Compliance Paths
7.2.1 Compliance
7.2.2
134 7.3 Simplified/Small Building Option (Not Used)
7.4 Mandatory Provisions
7.4.1 Load Calculations
7.4.2 Equipment Efficiency
7.4.3 Service Hot-Water Piping Insulation
7.4.4 Service Water-Heating System Controls
7.4.4.1 Temperature Controls
7.4.4.2 Temperature Maintenance Controls
7.4.4.3 Outlet Temperature Controls
135 7.4.4.4 Circulating Pump Controls
7.4.5 Pools
7.4.5.1 Pool Heaters
7.4.5.2 Pool Covers
7.4.5.3 Time Switches
7.4.6 Heat Traps
7.5 Prescriptive Path
7.5.1 Space Heating and Service Water Heating
136 7.5.2 Service Water-Heating Equipment
7.5.3 Buildings with High-Capacity Service Water-Heating Systems
7.6 Alternative Compliance Path (Not Used)
7.7 Submittals
7.7.1 General
7.8 Product Information
139 8. Power
8.1 General
8.1.1 Scope
8.1.2 New Buildings
8.1.3 Addition to Existing Buildings
8.1.4 Alterations to Existing Buildings
8.1.4.1
8.1.4.2
8.2 Compliance Paths
8.2.1 Compliance
8.3 Simplified/Small Building Option (Not Used)
8.4 Mandatory Provisions
8.4.1 Voltage Drop
140 8.4.2 Automatic Receptacle Control
8.4.3 Electrical Energy Monitoring
8.4.3.1 Monitoring
8.4.3.2 Recording and Reporting
141 8.4.4 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Distribution Transformers
142 8.5 Prescriptive Path (Not Used)
8.6 Alternative Compliance Path (Not Used)
8.7 Submittals
8.7.1 Drawings
8.7.2 Manuals
8.8 Product Information (Not Used)
143 9. Lighting
9.1 General
9.1.1 Scope
9.1.2 Lighting Alterations
9.1.3 Installed Lighting Power
144 9.1.4 Interior and Exterior Luminaire Wattage
9.1.5 Climate
9.2 Compliance
9.2.1 Compliance Paths
9.2.2 Prescriptive Requirements
9.2.2.1 Building Area Method
9.2.2.2 Space-by-Space Method
145 9.2.2.3 Interior Lighting Power
9.3 (Not Used)
9.4 Mandatory Provisions
9.4.1 Lighting Control
9.4.1.1 Interior Lighting Controls
148 9.4.1.2 Parking Garage Lighting Control
9.4.1.3 Special Applications
149 9.4.1.4 Exterior Lighting Control
150 9.4.2 Exterior Building Lighting Power
9.4.3 Functional Testing
153 9.4.4 Dwelling Units
9.5 Building Area Method Compliance Path
9.5.1 Building Area Method of Calculating Interior Lighting Power Allowance
9.6 Alternative Compliance Path: Space-by-Space Method
9.6.1 Space-by-Space Method of Calculating Interior Lighting Power Allowance
154 9.6.2 Additional Interior Lighting Power
9.6.3 Additional Interior Lighting Power Using Nonmandatory Controls
163 9.6.4 Room Geometry Adjustment
9.7 Submittals
9.7.1 General
9.7.2 Completion Requirements
9.7.2.1 Drawings
164 9.7.2.2 Manuals
9.7.2.3 Daylighting Documentation
9.8 Product Information (Not Used)
165 10. Other Equipment
10.1 General
10.1.1 Scope
10.1.1.1 New Buildings
10.1.1.2 Additions to Existing Buildings
10.1.1.3 Alterations to Existing Buildings
10.1.1.3.1
10.1.1.3.2
10.2 Compliance Paths
10.2.1 Compliance
10.2.2
10.3 Simplified/Small Building Option (Not Used)
10.4 Mandatory Provisions
166 10.4.1 Electric Motors
10.4.2 Service Water Pressure-Booster Systems
10.4.3 Elevators
10.4.3.1 Lighting
10.4.3.2 Ventilation Power Limitation
10.4.3.3 Standby Mode
10.4.3.4 Design Documents
167 10.4.4 Escalators and Moving Walks
10.4.5 Whole-Building Energy Monitoring
10.4.5.1 Monitoring
10.4.5.2 Recording and Reporting
10.5 Prescriptive Compliance Path (Not Used)
10.6 Alternative Compliance Path (Not Used)
10.7 Submittals (Not Used)
10.8 Product Information
173 11. Energy Cost Budget Method
11.1 General
11.1.1 Energy Cost Budget Method Scope
11.1.2 Trade-Offs Limited to Building Permit
11.1.3 Envelope Limitation
11.2 Compliance
11.3 Simplified Option (Not Used)
174 11.4 Simulation General Requirements
11.4.1 Simulation Program
11.4.1.1
11.4.1.2
11.4.1.3
11.4.1.4
11.4.2 Climatic Data
11.4.3 Renewable, Recovered, and Purchased Energy
11.4.3.1 On-Site Renewable Energy and Site-Recovered Energy
175 11.4.3.2 Annual Energy Costs
11.4.4 Compliance Calculations
11.4.5 Exceptional Calculation Methods
11.5 Calculation of Design Energy Cost and Energy Cost Budget
11.5.1
11.5.2 HVAC Systems
177 11.6 Alternative Compliance Path (Not Used)
11.7 Documentation Requirements
11.8 Product Information (Not Used)
191 Normative Appendix A—Rated R-Value of Insulation and Assembly U-Factor, C-Factor, and F-Factor Determinations
A1 General
A1.1 Precalculated Assembly U-Factors, C-Factors, F-Factors, or Heat Capacities
A1.2 Applicant-Determined Assembly U-Factors, C-Factors, F-Factors, or Heat Capacities
A2 Roofs
A2.1 General
A2.2 Roofs with Insulation Entirely Above Deck
A2.2.1 General
A2.2.2 Rated R-Value of Insulation
A2.2.3 U-Factor
192 A2.3 Metal Building Roofs
A2.3.1 General
A2.3.2 Rated R-Value of Insulation
A2.3.2.1 Single Layer
A2.3.2.2 Double Layer
A2.3.2.3 Continuous Insulation
A2.3.2.4 Liner System (Ls)
A2.3.2.5 Filled Cavity
A2.3.3 U-Factors for Metal Building Roofs
A2.4 Attic Roofs with Wood Joists
A2.4.1 General
193 A2.4.2 Rated R-Value of Insulation
A2.4.2.1
A2.4.2.2
A2.4.2.3
A2.4.2.4
A2.4.3 U-Factors for Attic Roofs with Wood Joists
A2.5 Attic Roofs with Steel Joists
A2.5.1 General
A2.5.2
198 A3 Above-Grade Walls
A3.1 Mass Wall
A3.1.1 General
A3.1.2 Mass Wall Rated R-Value of Insulation
A3.1.2.1
A3.1.2.2
A3.1.2.3
A3.1.2.4
A3.1.3 Mass Wall U-Factor
A3.1.3.1
A3.1.3.2 Determination of Mass Wall U-Factors
199 A3.2 Metal Building Walls
A3.2.1 General
A3.2.2 Rated R-Value of Insulation for Metal Building Walls
A3.2.2.1 Single-Layer Compressed
A3.2.2.2 Continuous Insulation
A3.2.2.3 Single-Layer in Cavity
A3.2.2.4 Double-Layer
A3.2.3 U-Factors for Metal Building Walls
A3.3 Steel-Framed Walls
A3.3.1 General
200 A3.3.2 Rated R-Value of Insulation for Steel-Framed Walls
A3.3.2.1
A3.3.2.2
A3.3.2.3
A3.3.3 U-Factors for Steel-Framed Walls
A3.3.3.1
A3.3.3.2
A3.3.3.3
A3.3.3.4
A3.4 Wood-Framed Walls
A3.4.1 General
201 A3.4.2 Rated R-value of Insulation for Wood-Framed and Other Walls
A3.4.2.1
A3.4.2.2
A3.4.3 U-Factors for Wood-Framed Walls
A3.4.3.1
A3.4.3.2
A3.4.3.3
A3.4.3.4
215 A4 Below-Grade Walls
A4.1 General
A4.2 C-Factors for Below-Grade Walls
A4.2.1
A4.2.2
A4.2.3
A5 Floors
A5.1 General
A5.2 Mass Floors
A5.2.1 General
216 A5.2.2 Rated R-Value of Insulation for Mass Floors
A5.2.2.1
A5.2.2.2
A5.2.2.3
A5.2.2.4
A5.2.3 U-Factors for Mass Floors
A5.2.3.1
A5.2.3.2
A5.3 Steel-Joist Floors
A5.3.1 General
A5.3.2 Rated R-Value of Insulation for Steel-Joist Floors
A5.3.2.1
A5.3.2.2
A5.3.3 U-Factors for Steel-Joist Floors
A5.3.3.1
A5.3.3.2
A5.4 Wood-Framed and Other Floors
A5.4.1 General
217 A5.4.2 Rated R-Value of Insulation for Wood-Framed and Other Floors
A5.4.2.1
A5.4.2.2
A5.4.3 U-Factors for Wood-Framed Floors
A5.4.3.1
A5.4.3.2
A6 Slab-on-Grade Floors
A6.1 General
A6.2 Rated R-Value of Insulation for Slab-on-Grade Floors
A6.2.1
A6.2.2
A6.2.3
218 A6.3 F-Factors for Slab-on-Grade Floors
A6.3.1
A6.3.2
224 A7 Opaque Doors
A7.1 Unlabeled Opaque Doors
A8 Fenestration
A8.1 Unlabeled Skylights
A8.2 Unlabeled Vertical Fenestration
229 A9 Determination of Alternate Assembly U-Factors, C-Factors, F-Factors, or Heat Capacities
A9.1 General
A9.2 Required Procedures
230 A9.3 Testing Procedures
A9.3.1 Building Material Thermal Properties
A9.3.2 Assembly U-Factors
A9.4 Calculation Procedures and Assumptions
A9.4.1 Air Films
A9.4.1.1
A9.4.1.2
A9.4.1.3
A9.4.2 Air Spaces
231 A9.4.3 Insulation R-Values
A9.4.4 Building Material Thermal Properties
A9.4.5 Building Material Heat Capacities
A9.4.6 Metal Building U-Factor Equations
232 A9.4.6.1 Single-Layer Roof and Single-Layer Compressed Wall
234 A9.4.6.2 Double-Layer Roof
237 A9.4.6.3 Single-Layer in Cavity and Double-Layer Walls
247 Informative Appendix B—(Retained for Future Use)
249 Normative Appendix C—Methodology for Building Envelope Trade-Off Option in Section 5.6
C1 Minimum Information
C1.1 At the Building Level
C1.2 At the Exterior and Semiexterior Surface Level
C1.2.1 For Roofs
C1.2.2 For Above-Grade Walls
C1.2.3 For Below-Grade Walls
C1.2.4 For Floors
C1.2.5 For Slab-on-Grade Floors
C1.2.6 For Uninsulated Assemblies
C1.3 For Opaque Doors
250 C1.4 For Fenestration
C2 Output Requirements
C2.1
C2.2
C2.3
C2.4
C2.5
C2.6
C2.7
C2.8
C3 Simulation General Requirements
C3.1 Simulation Program
251 C3.1.1
C3.1.2
C3.1.3
C3.1.4
C3.2 Climatic Data
C3.2.1 Surface Exposure
C3.3 Purchased Energy Rates
252 C3.4 Compliance Calculations
C3.5 Calculation of Proposed Envelope Performance Factor
C3.5.1 Space-Conditioning
C3.5.2 Model Geometry and Thermal Zones
253 C3.5.3 Daylight Area and Photosensor Location
C3.5.4 Schedules
C3.5.5 Building Envelope
C3.5.5.1 Shading
254 C3.5.5.2 Dynamic Glazing
C3.5.5.3 Air Leakage
C3.5.5.3.1 Infiltration Schedule
C3.5.6 Interior Surfaces
C3.5.7 Lighting
255 C3.5.8 HVAC Systems
C3.5.9 Miscellaneous Loads
C3.5.10 Occupant Density
C3.5.11 Heat Gain from Occupants
C3.6 Calculation of Base Envelope Performance Factor
257 Informative Appendix D—(Retained for Future Use)
259 Informative Appendix E—Informative References
263 Informative Appendix F—U.S. Department of Energy Minimum Energy Efficiency Requirements
F1 DOE Minimum Energy Efficiency Requirements for Single-Phase Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps
F2 DOE Minimum Energy Efficiency Requirements for Water Heaters
F3 DOE Minimum Energy Efficiency Requirements for Pool Heaters
267 Normative Appendix G—Performance Rating Method
G1 General
G1.1 Performance Rating Method Scope
G1.2 Performance Rating
G1.2.1 Mandatory Provisions
G1.2.2 Performance Rating Calculation
G1.3 Documentation Requirements
268 G2 Simulation General Requirements
G2.1 Performance Calculations
269 G2.2 Simulation Program
G2.2.1
G2.2.2
G2.2.3
G2.2.4
G2.3 Climatic Data
G2.4 Renewable, Recovered, and Purchased Energy
G2.4.1 On-Site Renewable Energy and Site-Recovered Energy
278 G2.4.2 Annual Energy Costs
G2.5 Exceptional Calculation Methods
G3 Calculation of the Proposed Design and Baseline Building Performance
G3.1 Building Performance Calculations
G3.1.1 Baseline HVAC System Type and Description
279 G3.1.1.1 Purchased Heat
G3.1.1.2 Purchased Chilled Water
G3.1.1.3 Baseline HVAC System Requirements for Systems Utilizing Purchased Chilled Water and/or Purchased Heat
G3.1.1.3.1 Purchased Heat Only
280 G3.1.1.3.2 Purchased Chilled Water Only
G3.1.1.3.3 Purchased Chilled Water and Purchased Heat
G3.1.1.3.4 On-Site Distribution Pumps
G3.1.1.4 Modeling Building Envelope Infiltration
281 G3.1.2 General Baseline HVAC System Requirements
G3.1.2.1 Equipment Efficiencies
G3.1.2.2 Equipment Capacities
G3.1.2.2.1 Sizing Runs
282 G3.1.2.3 Unmet Loads
G3.1.2.4 Fan System Operation
G3.1.2.5 Ventilation
G3.1.2.6 Economizers
283 G3.1.2.6.1 Computer Room Economizers
G3.1.2.7 Economizer High-Limit Shutoff
G3.1.2.8 Design Airflow Rates
G3.1.2.8.1 Baseline All System Types Except System Types 9 and 10
G3.1.2.8.2 Baseline System Types 9 and 10
G3.1.2.9 System Fan Power
284 G3.1.2.9.1
G3.1.2.10 Exhaust Air Energy Recovery
G3.1.3 System-Specific Baseline HVAC System Requirements
G3.1.3.1 Heat Pumps (Systems 2 and 4)
285 G3.1.3.2 Type and Number of Boilers (Systems 1, 5, and 7)
G3.1.3.3 Hot-Water Supply Temperature (Systems 1, 5, 7, and 12)
G3.1.3.4 Hot-Water Supply Temperature Reset (Systems 1, 5, 7, 11, and 12)
G3.1.3.5 Hot-Water Pumps
G3.1.3.6 Piping Losses (Systems 1, 5, 7, 8, and 11)
G3.1.3.7 Type and Number of Chillers (Systems 7, 8, 11, 12, and 13)
G3.1.3.8 Chilled-Water Design Supply Temperature (Systems 7, 8, 11, 12, and 13)
G3.1.3.9 Chilled-Water Supply Temperature Reset (Systems 7, 8, 11, 12, and 13)
286 G3.1.3.10 Chilled-Water Pumps (Systems 7, 8, and 11)
G3.1.3.11 Heat Rejection (Systems 7, 8, 9, 12, and 13)
G3.1.3.12 Supply Air Temperature Reset (Systems 5 through 8)
G3.1.3.13 VAV Minimum Flow Set Points (Systems 5 and 7)
287 G3.1.3.14 Fan Power and Control (Systems 6 and 8)
G3.1.3.15 VAV Fan Part-Load Performance (Systems 5 through 8 and 11)
G3.1.3.16 Computer Room Equipment Schedules
G3.1.3.17 System 11 Supply Air Temperature and Fan Control
G3.1.3.18 Dehumidification (Systems 3 through 8 and 11, 12, and 13)
G3.1.3.19 Preheat Coils (Systems 5 through 8)
309 Informative Appendix H—Addenda Description Information
319 Annex 1—Reference Standard Reproduction Annex—ASHRAE Standard 169

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