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ASCE 9780784405321 2002

ASCE 9780784405321 2002

$78.00

Stochastic Methods in Subsurface Contaminant Hydrology

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
ASCE 2002 425
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Rao Govindaraju details the existing methodologies and emerging techniques available for performing stochastic analysis of contaminant transport through porous media.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
10 Contents
16 1 Preliminary Concepts in Stochastic Processes
The Case for Stochastic Approaches
17 Preliminary Concepts of Random Fields
22 Scope of This Book
25 References
28 2 Perturbation Theories for the Estimation of Macrodispersivities in Heterogeneous Aquifers
Introduction
30 Statistical Characterization of Random Fields
36 Flow in a Heterogeneous Porous Medium and the Spectrum of Specific Discharge Variations
41 Solute Transport in Heterogeneous Aquifers
Eulerian Approach
47 Lagrangian Approach
49 Unified View of Eulerian and Lagrangian Approaches and Some Illustrative Results
54 Influence of the Plume Size on Macrodispersion
62 Comparison of Dispersivity Predictions Against Field Data an dNumerical Simulations
72 Summary and Concluding Remarks
73 References
78 3 Concentration Fluctuations, Dilution, and Risk Assessment: Role of Local Dispersion and Heterogeneity
Introduction
Background
79 Objective
80 Fundamentals
Seepage Velocity
Local Dispersion
82 Solute Transport Equation
84 Enhanced Spreading Due to Heterogeneity
Field Observations
85 Macrodispersion
86 Stochastic Model
Flow in a Random Hydraulic Conductivity Field
90 Solute Transport Simulation
92 Disconnect Between Dilution and Spreading
93 Dilution-Spreading-Local Dispersion Characteristics
95 Cape Cod Bromide Tracer Data
97 Volume Occupied by Solute
Concentration Fluctuations and Risk
Irregularity of Concentration Distributions
98 Rise and Fall of the Concentration Coefficient of Variation
101 Conclusion
102 Acknowledgments
References
104 4 Stochastic Analysis of Reactive Transport Processes in Heterogeneous Porous Media
Introduction
106 Subsurface Contaminants and Their Sources
107 Physical and Chemical Concepts in Reactive Transport Modeling
Mass Transport in Saturated and Unsaturated Porous Media
108 Mass Transfer Processes: Sorption
111 Mass Transfer Processes: Transformation
113 Reactive Contaminant Transport: Field Observations
117 Stochastic Analysis of Reactive Contaminant Transport
120 Spatially Variable Linear Equilibrium Assumption Sorption in One-Dimensional Media with Homogeneous Hydraulic Conductivity
126 Spatially Variable Linear Sorption in Heterogeneous Media with No Local Dispersion (Lagrangian Analysis)
134 Spatially Variable Linear Sorption and Degradation in Heterogeneous Media with Local Dispersion (Eulerian Analysis)
140 Nonlinear Sorption and Kinetic Processes in Heterogeneous Media
150 Stochastic Analysis of Contaminant Breakthrough Curves
The Breakthrough Curve Concept in Heterogeneous Porous Media
154 Nonreactive Solute Travel Time
156 Reactive Solute Travel Time
161 Travel Time Moments for Nonequilibrium Sorption and Degradation
164 Reactive Contaminant Transport in the Vadose Zone
174 Conclusion
175 Acknowledgments
176 Table of Notation
178 References
184 5 Streamtube Ensemble Techniques for Subsurface Multicomponent Reactive Transport
Introduction
186 Multicomponent Reaction Systems
189 Reaction Systems in Convective-Dispersive Transport
190 Overview of Streamtube Ensemble Scaling Approach
193 Streamtube Ensemble Formulation
Assumptions
194 From General to Streamtube Coordinates
201 From Streamtube to Projection-Streamtube Coordinates
205 Travel-Time Formulations, the Constant Velocity Ensemble, and Streamtube Invariance
208 Stochastic-Convective Averaging
213 Convolution Forms: Use and Limitations
215 Streamtube Invariance: Use and Limitations
219 Chemical/Biologic Heterogeneity in Immobile Species
223 Travel-Time Distribution Function Estimation
Parametric Approaches
233 Nonparametric Approaches
237 Error Bounds
240 A Computational Example
241 A Four-Component Nonlinear, Nonlocal-in-Time, Reaction System
242 A Finite Ensemble of Effective Streamtubes
243 Computing a Travel-Time Distribution from the Breakthrough of Chloride
245 Simulation of Breakthroughs By Means of Streamtube Ensemble Averages
247 Summary
248 Acknowledgments
249 References
254 6 Theory and Applications of Time Moment Analysis to Study the Fate of Reactive Solutes in Soil
Introduction
255 Definition of Time Moments and Associated Functions
Background
256 Moments and Characteristic Function
257 Relationship Between p[sub(x)](x) and Concentration of Solute in a Porous Medium
260 Transfer Function and Resident Time Distribution Function
261 Cumulants and Related Concepts
263 Approaches of Time Moment Analysis
264 Derivation of Theoretical Time Moments
271 Computing Time Moments from Experimental Data
277 Applications of the Method of Moments
278 Estimating Parameters of the Transport Equation
281 Estimating Effective Transport Parameters in Spatially Variable Porous Media
283 Estimating Breakthrough Curves from Moments
285 Gaining Physical Insight into Solute Transport Processes
288 Conclusions
290 References
296 7 Conservation Equations for Solute Transport by Unsteady and Steady Flows in Heterogeneous Aquifers: The Cumulant Expansion/Lie Operator Methodology
Introduction
298 Cumulants And Cumulant Expansion
299 Use of Cumulant Expansions, Time-Ordered Exponential Operators, and Lie Operators in Developing Ensemble Average Forms of Transport Conservation Equations
300 Conservation Equations of Transport by Unsteady Flow
308 Conservation Equations of Transport by Steady, Spatially Nonstationary Flow
313 Application and Validation of the Developed Theory
318 Discussion and Conclusions
320 Acknowledgments
References
322 8 Semigroup and Decomposition Methods in Solving Stochastic Subsurface Contamination Problems
Introduction
324 Semigroup Operators in Subsurface Contaminant Hydrology
326 Analytical Decomposition Methods in Subsurface Contaminant Hydrology
329 Applications to Convection Dispersion Models
330 Applications to Scale-Dependent Transport Models
332 Decomposition Theory of Non-Fickian Transport
334 The Form of the Field Dispersion Coefficient According to Decomposition
335 Applications to Nonpoint Sources and Spills Originated in the Unsaturated Zone
340 Conclusion and Recommendations
Acknowledgments
References
342 9 Estimation and Prediction of Hydrogeochemical Parameters Using Extended Kalman Filtering
Introduction
344 General Formulation of Extended Kalman Filtering Equations
345 State, Parameter, and Measurement Equations
State and Parameter Moment Propagation Equations
346 State and Parameter Moment Update Equations
347 Comments on Filter Form and Behavior
Application of the Extended Kalman Filter to Field-Scale Subsurface Flow and Transport Problems
Estimating Head, Transmissivity, and Recharge in the Floridan Aquifer
358 Application to Predicting Solute Transport in the Borden Tracer Experiment
363 Application to Estimating Residual Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (NAPL) Distribution at Hill Air Force Base, Ogden, Utah
374 Conclusions
376 References
380 10 Anomalous Dispersion of Conservative Tracers: Theory and Three-Dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry Experiments
Introduction
382 Self-Dispersion (Wave-Vector Representation)
385 Self-Dispersion (Real-Space Representation)
386 Wave-Vector Expansions for Material Coefficients
388 Dispersion of Nonreacting Species
390 Statistical Mechanical Setting: Equilibrium
393 Statistical Mechanical Setting: Local Equilibrium
396 Three-Dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry Experimental Set-up
397 Image Processing
399 Experimental Results and Discussion
405 Conclusion
406 Acknowledgments
407 References
410 Index
A
B
411 C
413 D
414 E
415 F
G
416 H
I
417 J
K
L
418 M
419 N
O
P
420 Q
R
421 S
424 T
U
V
425 W
Y
Z

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ASCE 9780784405321 2002
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