ACI 309R 05 2005
$38.73
309R-05: Guide for Consolidation of Concrete
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| ACI | 2005 | 36 |
Consolidation is the process of removing entrapped air from freshly placed concrete. Several methods and techniques are available, the choice depending on the workability of the mixture, placing conditions, and degree of air removal desired. Some form of vibration is usually employed. This guide includes information on the mechanism of consolidation and gives recommendations on equipment, characteristics, and procedures for various classes of construction.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 1 | CONTENTS |
| 2 | CHAPTER 1— GENERAL |
| 3 | CHAPTER 2— EFFECT OF MIXTURE PROPORTIONS ON CONSOLIDATION 2.1—Mixture proportions 2.2—Workability and consistency |
| 4 | 2.3—Workability requirements CHAPTER 3— METHODS OF CONSOLIDATION 3.1—Manual methods |
| 5 | 3.2—Mechanical methods 3.3—Methods used in combination CHAPTER 4— CONSOLIDATION OF CONCRETE BY VIBRATION 4.1—Vibratory motion 4.2—Process of consolidation |
| 6 | CHAPTER 5— EQUIPMENT FOR VIBRATION 5.1—Internal vibrators 5.1.1 Flexible-shaft type |
| 7 | 5.1.2 Electric motor-in-head type |
| 8 | 5.1.3 Pneumatic vibrators 5.1.4 Hydraulic vibrators 5.1.5 Selecting an internal vibrator for the job |
| 9 | 5.1.6 Special shapes of vibrator heads 5.1.7 Data to be supplied by manufacturer |
| 10 | 5.2—Form vibrators 5.2.1 General description 5.2.2 Types of form vibrators 5.2.2.1 Rotary 5.2.2.2 Reciprocating 5.2.2.3 Other types 5.2.3 Selecting external vibrators for vertical forms |
| 11 | 5.3—Vibrating tables |
| 12 | 5.4—Surface vibrators 5.5—Vibrator maintenance |
| 13 | 5.5.1 Preventive maintenance program CHAPTER 6— FORMS 6.1—General 6.2—Sloping surfaces 6.3—Surface blemishes 6.4—Form tightness |
| 14 | 6.5—Forms for external vibration 6.5.1 General 6.5.2 Forming material 6.5.3 Design and construction |
| 15 | CHAPTER 7— RECOMMENDED VIBRATION PRACTICES FOR GENERAL CONSTRUCTION 7.1—General 7.2—Procedure for internal vibration |
| 16 | 7.3—Adequacy of internal vibration 7.4—Vibration of reinforcement 7.5—Revibration |
| 17 | 7.6—Form vibration 7.7—Consequences of improper vibration 7.7.1 Honeycomb |
| 18 | 7.7.2 Excessive entrapped-air voids 7.7.3 Sand streaking |
| 19 | 7.7.4 Placement lines 7.7.5 Cold joints 7.7.6 Subsidence cracking 7.7.7 7.7.8 CHAPTER 8— STRUCTURAL CONCRETE 8.1— Design and detailing prerequisites |
| 20 | 8.2—Mixture requirements 8.3—Internal vibration 8.4—Form vibration 8.5—Tunnel linings CHAPTER 9— MASS CONCRETE |
| 21 | 9.1—Mixture requirements 9.2—Vibration equipment 9.3—Forms 9.4—Vibration practices |
| 22 | 9.5—Roller-compacted concrete CHAPTER 10— NORMAL-DENSITY CONCRETE FLOOR SLABS 10.1—Mixture requirements |
| 23 | 10.2—Equipment 10.3—Structural slabs 10.4—Slabs on ground 10.4.1 Internal vibration 10.4.2 Surface vibration 10.5—Heavy-duty industrial floors 10.6—Vacuum dewatering |
| 24 | CHAPTER 11— PAVEMENTS 11.1— General 11.2—Mixture requirements 11.3—Equipment 11.3.1 Selection of equipment 11.3.2 General requirements 11.3.3 Internal vibrators |
| 25 | 11.3.4 Surface vibrators 11.4—Vibration procedures 11.4.1 Internal vibrations using gang-mounted vibrators |
| 26 | 11.4.2 Surface vibration 11.4.2.1 11.4.2.2 11.4.3 Manual vibration 11.5—Special precautions |
| 27 | CHAPTER 12— PRECAST PRODUCTS 12.1— General 12.2—Mixture requirements 12.3—Forming material 12.4—Choice of consolidation method |
| 28 | 12.5—Placing methods CHAPTER 13— STRUCTURAL LOW- DENSITY CONCRETE 13.1— General 13.2—Mixture requirements 13.3—Behavior of structural low-density concrete during vibration 13.4—Consolidation equipment and procedures 13.5—Floors |
| 29 | CHAPTER 14— HIGH-DENSITY CONCRETE 14.1— General 14.2—Mixture requirements 14.3—Placing techniques 14.3.1 Conventional placing techniques 14.3.2 Special placing techniques CHAPTER 15— SELF-CONSOLIDATING CONCRETE 15.1—General CHAPTER 16— QUALITY CONTROL AND QUALITY ASSURANCE 16.1—General |
| 30 | 16.2—Adequacy equipment and procedures 16.3—Checking equipment performance 16.3.1 Frequency of internal vibrators 16.3.2 Amplitude of internal vibrators |
| 31 | 16.3.3 Frequency and amplitude for external vibration CHAPTER 17— CONSOLIDATION OF TEST SPECIMENS 17.1— Strength |
| 32 | 17.2—Density 17.3—Air content 17.4—Consolidating very stiff concrete in laboratory specimens CHAPTER 18— CONSOLIDATION IN CONGESTED AREAS 18.1—Common placing problems 18.1.1 Congestion of reinforcement 18.1.2 Electrical conduit, pipe sleeves, and otherembedded items 18.1.3 Boxouts 18.2—Consolidation techniques 18.2.1 Placing and consolidation techniques |
| 33 | 18.2.2 Use of chemical admixtures 18.2.3 Use of modified mixtures 18.2.4 Conclusion CHAPTER 19— REFERENCES 19.1— Referenced standards and reports |
| 34 | 19.2—Cited references |
| 35 | APPENDIX— FUNDAMENTALS OF VIBRATION A.1— Principles of simple harmonic motion A.2—Action of a rotary vibrator A.3—Vibratory motion in the concrete |
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